Innovative molecular and imaging approaches for the detection of lung cancer and its precursor lesions

McWilliams, Annette; MacAulay, Calum; Gazdar, Adi F.; Lam, Stephen

doi:10.1038/sj.onc.1205831

Cited by 59 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 101 publications

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“…autofluorescence imaging, electromagnetic navigation, virtual bronchoscopy, endobronchial ultrasound with transbronchial needle aspiration and optical biopsy techniques, will be increasingly integrated in this early interventional strategy [26,27,38,39]. These important developments cannot be seen separately from the perspective of treatment only.…”

Section: Nonsurgical Candidatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…New imaging facilities, e.g. automated sputum cytometry, optical coherence tomography, confocal endoscopy, Raman near infrared spectroscopy below the threshold of the conventional bronchoscope and microscopic examination are currently utilised for early detection and to stage precursor lesions more accurately [26,27].…”

Section: Treatment With Curative Intentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The future of accurate navigational technique, in combination with in vivo microdynamic imaging, can help to extend the reach towards early lesions in the lung parenchyma [23,24], as the majority of them are nonmalignant and tissue biopsy is still required prior to any treatment commencement [25]. A comprehensive strategy, including non-and minimally invasive approaches helps to reduce downstream-related morbidities, mortalities and costs [26][27][28], as current imaging techniques used in the primary screening have a low positive predictive value fuelling the controversy about overdiagnosis [29,30].…”

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confidence: 99%

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Therapeutic bronchoscopy with immediate effect: laser, electrocautery, argon plasma coagulation and stents

Bolliger¹

2006

Eur Respir J

338

276

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Minimally invasive diagnostic and therapeutic approaches in medicine have been applied for a more selective and tailored approach to reduce patients' morbidity and mortality. The efficacy of interventional pulmonology for palliation of patients with central airways obstruction has been established and its curative potential for intralesional treatment of early cancer has raised great interest in current screening programmes. This is due to the fact that surgical resection and systemic nodal dissection as the gold standard is relatively morbid and risky, especially when dealing with individuals with limited functional reserves due to smoking-related comorbidities, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Furthermore, such comorbidities have been proven to harbour early stage lesions of several millimetres in size without involvement of nodal disease that may be amenable to local bronchoscopic treatment.Therefore, the success of minimally invasive strategies for palliation and treatment with curative intent strongly depends on the diligent identification of the various factors in lung cancer management, including full comprehension of the limits and potential of each particular technique. Maximal preservation of quality of life is a prerequisite in successfully dealing with individuals at risk of harbouring asymptomatic early lung cancer, to prevent aggressive surgical diagnostic and therapeutic strategies since overdiagnosis remains an issue that is heavily debated.In the palliative setting of alleviating central airway obstruction, laser resection, electrocautery, argon plasma coagulation and stenting are techniques that can provide immediate relief, in contrast to cryotherapy, brachytherapy and photodynamic therapy with delayed effects. With curative intent, intraluminal techniques that easily coagulate early stage cancer lesions will increase the implementation of interventional pulmonology for benign and relatively benign diseases, as well as early cancer lesions and its precursors at their earliest stage of disease.

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Section: Nonsurgical Candidatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Treatment With Curative Intentmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Therapeutic bronchoscopy with immediate effect: laser, electrocautery, argon plasma coagulation and stents

Bolliger¹

2006

Eur Respir J

338

276

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“…Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded lung CIS samples used in array CGH analysis were collected by fluorescent bronchoscopy as part of the Lung Health Study at the British Columbia Cancer Agency (Lam et al, 2000;McWilliams et al, 2002). Both fixed and frozen tissues were obtained from the archive of St Paul's Hospital, Vancouver and the Ontario Cancer Institute, Toronto.…”

Section: Sample Procurementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chromosome 5p aberrations are early events in lung cancer: implication of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor in disease progression

Garnis¹,

Davies²,

Buys³

et al. 2005

Oncogene

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Lung cancer is the most widely diagnosed malignancy in the world. Understanding early-stage disease will give insight into its pathogenesis. Despite the fact that preinvasive lesions are challenging to isolate, and often yield insufficient DNA for the analysis of multiple loci, genomic profiling of such lesions will lead to the discovery of causal genetic alterations, which may be otherwise masked by the gross instability associated with tumors. In this study, we report the identification of multiple early genetic events on chromosome 5p in lung cancer progression. Using a highresolution 5p-specific genomic array, which contains a tiling path of DNA segments for comparative genomic hybridization, nine novel minimal regions of loss and gain were discovered in bronchial carcinoma in situ (CIS) specimens. Within these regions we identified two candidate genes novel to lung cancer. The 0.27 Mbp region at 5p15.2 contains a single gene, Triple Functional Domain, which we determined to be differentially expressed in tumors. The 0.34 Mbp region at 5p13.2 contains Glial Cell Line-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (GDNF), which is a ligand for the RET oncogene product and is normally expressed during lung development (but absent in adult lung tissue). Our data showed not only that GDNF is overexpressed at the transcript level in squamous non-small-cell lung carcinoma, but also that the GDNF protein is present in early-stage lesions. Reactivation of the fetal lung expressed GDNF in early lesions and its amplification in CIS suggests an early role in tumorigenesis. These results highlight the value of examining the genomes of pre-invasive stages of cancer at tiling resolution.

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“…To a less extent, even if the tumor is surgically resected, lung cancer patients are still at high risk for recurrence and death. The overall 5-year survival rate of lung cancer is dismal with merely <15% in all developed countries and 5% in developing countries (McWilliams et al, 2002), which is mainly due to the scarcity of effective tools for early detection and therapy strategies (Pfeifer and Rauch, 2009). Consequently, developing molecular markers for early detection, predicting prognosis, and exploiting new therapy agents of lung cancer are urgently needed.…”

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confidence: 99%

DNA Methylation and Nonsmall Cell Lung Cancer

Lü

Zhang

2011

The Anatomical Record

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Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related death in men and women worldwide. Owing to the scarcity of effective tools for early detection and therapy strategies, the 5-year survival rate of lung cancer is very poor. Because the accumulation of multiple genetic and/or epigenetic changes, including DNA methylation, has been suggested to contribute to development and progression of human cancers, improved understanding of the relationship between DNA methylation and lung cancer will provide new insights for identifying promising biomarkers for diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of lung cancer. Here, we present a relatively comprehensive review of DNA methylation and lung cancer, discuss DNA methylation changes in carcinogenesis and metastasis of lung cancer, and explore the association of microRNA with DNA methylation. Additionally, we outline the applications of DNA methylation in clinical practice, such as diagnosis, prognosis, and therapy of lung cancer. Anat Rec, 294:1787Rec, 294: -1795Rec, 294: , 2011. V V C 2011 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

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Innovative molecular and imaging approaches for the detection of lung cancer and its precursor lesions

Cited by 59 publications

References 101 publications

Therapeutic bronchoscopy with immediate effect: laser, electrocautery, argon plasma coagulation and stents

Therapeutic bronchoscopy with immediate effect: laser, electrocautery, argon plasma coagulation and stents

Chromosome 5p aberrations are early events in lung cancer: implication of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor in disease progression

DNA Methylation and Nonsmall Cell Lung Cancer

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