Innovative Processing and Hydrometallurgical Treatment Methods for Complex Antimony Ores and Concentrates. Part II: Hydrometallurgy of Complex Antimony Ores

Solozhenkin, P. M.; Alekseev, A. N.

doi:10.1007/s10913-010-0056-z

Cited by 9 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Using this approach, 85 % of antimony could be leached out and during the subsequent cyanidation step, silver recovery rates increased from less than 18 % up to 90 % and gold extraction was also enhanced by 20-30 %. Solozhenkin et al (2010) investigated the complex antimony ores and gold-antimony concentrates, found in the Sarylakhsky and Sentachansky deposits in Russia [34,43]. They developed different hydrometallurgical processes to treat these ores and produce both gold and antimony concentrates with antimony recovery rates of 95-98 %.…”

Section: Gold Productionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The studied methods include antimonite flotation, sodium dimethyldithiocarbamate treatment, and biotreatment of the ores. The authors also introduced a processing plant for Sb-Au-bearing alloys and demonstrated the successful electrolytic refining and production of cathode antimony and noble metal slurry [39,43]. Kanarskii et al [38] investigated the concentration and isolation of antimony and arsenic in Sb-As-bearing gold ores by flotation.…”

Section: Gold Productionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Antimony Recovery from End-of-Life Products and Industrial Process Residues: A Critical Review

Dupont

Arnout²,

Jones

et al. 2016

J. Sustain. Metall.

133

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Antimony has become an increasingly critical element in recent years, due to a surge in industrial demand and the Chinese domination of primary production. Antimony is produced from stibnite ore (Sb 2 O 3) which is processed into antimony metal and antimony oxide (Sb 2 O 3). The industrial importance of antimony is mainly derived from its use as flame retardant in plastics, coatings, and electronics, but also as decolourizing agent in glass, alloys in lead-acid batteries, and catalysts for the production of PET polymers. In 2014, the European Commission highlighted antimony in its critical raw materials report, as the element with the largest expected supply-demand gap over the period 2015-2020. This has sparked efforts to find secondary sources of antimony either through the recycling of end-of-life products or by recovering antimony from industrial process residues. Valuable residues are obtained by processing of gold, copper, and lead ores with high contents of antimony. Most of these residues are currently discarded or stockpiled, causing environmental concerns. There is a clear need to move to a more circular economy, where waste is considered as a resource and zero-waste valorization schemes become the norm, especially for rare elements such as antimony. This paper gives a critical overview of the existing attempts to recover antimony from secondary sources. The paper also discusses the possibility of waste valorization schemes to guarantee a more sustainable life cycle for antimony.

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Section: Gold Productionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Gold Productionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimony Recovery from End-of-Life Products and Industrial Process Residues: A Critical Review

Dupont

Arnout²,

Jones

et al. 2016

J. Sustain. Metall.

133

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The Eh-pH diagram shows the stability region of strong Sb 2 S 3 at a molar concentration ratio of (Sb)/(S) = 1/3, as shown on the opposite side of the diagram. According to the data from references [ 44 , 45 ], when the (Sb)/(S) ratio decreased to 0.25 or lower, a significant portion of the Sb 2 S 3 region represented in the diagram disappeared, and the region corresponding to water-soluble Sb compounds expanded. This suggested that the most effective leaching of antimony from its mineral occurs at a (Sb)/(S) ratio of ≤0.25.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a Two-Stage Hydrometallurgical Process for Gold–Antimony Concentrate Treatment from the Olimpiadinskoe Deposit

Rusalev¹,

Rogozhnikov

Dizer

et al. 2023

Materials

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An integrated two-stage metallurgical process has been developed to process concentrates from the Olimpiadinskoe deposit, which contain high levels of antimony and arsenic. The optimal parameters for the alkaline sulfide leaching process of the initial concentrate from the Olimpiadinskoe deposit were determined to achieve the maximum extraction of antimony at a 99% level. The recommended parameters include an L:S ratio of 4.5:1, a sodium sulfide concentration of 61 g/L, a sodium hydroxide concentration of 16.5 g/L, a duration of 3 h, and a temperature of 50 °C. A synergistic effect of co-processing alkaline sulfide leach cakes with sulfuric and nitric acids was observed. The pre-treatment step reduced the nitric acid composition by converting carbonates into gypsum and increased the arsenic extraction by 15% during subsequent nitric acid leaching. The laboratory research on the nitric acid leaching of decarbonized cake established the key parameters for the maximum iron and arsenic extraction in solution (92% and 98%, respectively), including an L:S ratio of 9:1, a nitric acid concentration of 6 mol/L, and a time of 90 min. Full polynomial equations for the iron and arsenic extraction from the decarbonized cake were derived. The model demonstrated a high relevance, as evidenced by the determination coefficients (R2) of 96.7% for iron and 93.2% for arsenic. The technology also achieved a high gold recovery rate of 95% from the two-stage alkaline sulfide and nitric acid leach cake. Furthermore, the maximum deposition of arsenic from the nitrate leach solution in the form of insoluble As2S3 was determined to be 99.9%. A basic technological flow sheet diagram for processing the flotation gold–antimony concentrate from the Olimpiadinskoe deposit was developed, including two stages: the production of metallic antimony and the gold extraction from the nitric leach cake.

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“…These The Eh-pH diagram shows the stability region of strong Sb 2 S 3 at a molar concentration ratio of (Sb)/(S) = 1/3, as shown on the opposite side of the diagram. According to the data from references [44,45], when the (Sb)/(S) ratio decreased to 0.25 or lower, a significant portion of the Sb 2 S 3 region represented in the diagram disappeared, and the region corresponding to water-soluble Sb compounds expanded. This suggested that the most effective leaching of antimony from its mineral occurs at a (Sb)/(S) ratio of ≤0.25.…”

Section: Alkaline Sulfide Leachingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a Two- Stage Hydrometallurgical Technology for Processing Gold-Antimony Concentrate from the Olimpiadinskoe Deposit

Rusalev¹,

Rogozhnikov²,

Dizer³

et al. 2023

Preprint

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An integrated two-stage metallurgical technology has been developed for processing concentrates from the Olimpiadinskoe deposit with high antimony and arsenic content. The parameters of the alkaline sulphide leaching process of the initial concentrate of the Olimpiadinskoe deposit, providing maximum extraction of antimony in solution at 99% level have been recommended. The L:S ratio = 4,5:1; the concentration of sodium sulphide - 61 g/L; the concentration of sodium-hydroxide – 6,5 g/L; the duration – 3 hours; the temperature – 50 °C. A synergistic effect of alkaline sulphide leach cakes co-processing by sulphuric and nitric acids has been determined. Pre-treatment allows to reduce the composition of nitric acid by converting the carbonates into gypsum and increases the extraction of arsenic by 15 % at the following nitric leaching. Laboratory research of nitric acid leaching of decarbonized cake allowed to set the basic parameters for maximum iron and arsenic extraction in solution (92 and 98 %): the L:S ratio =9:1; the concentration of nitric acid – 6 mol/L; the time – 90 min. The full polynomial equations for iron and arsenic extraction from decarbonised cake have been derived. The model is relevant since the value the determination coefficients for iron and arsenic R2 were 96,7 and 93,2 %. The high value of gold recovery from the cake of two-stage alkaline sulphide and nitric acid leach cake at 95 % has been established. The maximum value of arsenic deposition from the nitrate leach solution in the form of the insoluble deposition As2S3 99,9 %. A basic technological flowsheet diagram for flotation gold-antimony processing for the Olimpiadinskoe deposit has been developed; it includes two redistributions: production of metallic antimony and gold extraction from the nitric leach cake.

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Innovative Processing and Hydrometallurgical Treatment Methods for Complex Antimony Ores and Concentrates. Part II: Hydrometallurgy of Complex Antimony Ores

Cited by 9 publications

References 2 publications

Antimony Recovery from End-of-Life Products and Industrial Process Residues: A Critical Review

Antimony Recovery from End-of-Life Products and Industrial Process Residues: A Critical Review

Development of a Two-Stage Hydrometallurgical Process for Gold–Antimony Concentrate Treatment from the Olimpiadinskoe Deposit

Development of a Two- Stage Hydrometallurgical Technology for Processing Gold-Antimony Concentrate from the Olimpiadinskoe Deposit

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