Innovative Programmable Bio-Nano-Chip Digitizes Biology Using Sensors That Learn Bridging Biomarker Discovery and Clinical Implementation

Abstract

The lack of standard tools and methodologies and the absence of a streamlined multimarker approval process have hindered the translation rate of new biomarkers into clinical practice for a variety of diseases afflicting humankind. Advanced novel technologies with superior analytical performance and reduced reagent costs, like the programmable bio-nano-chip system featured in this article, have potential to change the delivery of healthcare. This universal platform system has the capacity to digitize biology, resulting in a sensor modality with a capacity to learn. With well-planned device design, development, and distribution plans, there is an opportunity to translate benchtop discoveries in the genomics, proteomics, metabolomics, and glycomics fields by transforming the information content of key biomarkers into actionable signatures that can empower physicians and patients for a better management of healthcare. While the process is complicated and will take some time, showcased here are three application areas for this flexible platform that combines biomarker content with minimally invasive or non-invasive sampling, such as brush biopsy for oral cancer risk assessment; serum, plasma, and small volumes of blood for the assessment of cardiac risk and wellness; and oral fluid sampling for drugs of abuse testing at the point of need.

Advances in Molecular and Genetic Technologies and the Problems Related to Their Application in Personalized Medicine

“…Since healthcare activity focuses on early diagnosis, timely and accurate laboratory results from mobile health applications can ensure better patient care and effective cost management [ 44 ].…”

Role of Nanotechnology in Forensic Medicine to Solve Medico-legal Case Work in Pakistan - A Review Study

“…Recently, programmable bio-nano-chips have been introduced with analyzers, revolutionizing DNA analysis in a robust, efficient, and quick way. These chips work on various forensic samples like saliva, serum, plasma, and small volumes of blood as well 50 . Recent advancements: Nanobiocensors have been researched for many years and are now being used to diagnose various diseases through the application of bio-nano-technology.…”

<p>Peran biomarker saliva dalam deteksi penyakit mulut menggunakan nanoteknologi sebagai metode yang menjanjikan</p><p>Role of salivary biomarkers in the detection of oral diseases using nanotechnology as a promising method</p>

“…4,5,7 Walaupun teknologi nano sangat menjanjikan, dan semakin banyak penelitian di bidang tersebut, akan tetapi belum banyak dilakukan penilaian terhadap proses dan outputnya, serta belum disepakati standar alat maupun metodologinya, sehingga implikasi klinis dari berbagai temuan riset tersebut belum dirasakan di masyarakat. 8 Evaluasi terhadap hasil pemeriksaan mineral menggunakan saliva dengan teknologi nano perlu dilakukan guna mengetahui sejauh mana hasil deteksi tersebut dapat dipertanggungjawabkan dan kemungkinan pengembangan metode tersebut di masa depan perlu dilihat lebih lanjut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membahas peran biomarker saliva dalam mendeteksi penyakit mulut dengan metode nanoteknologi.…”