The article examines the impact of internationalization of human resources on economic development and competitiveness of labor potential. Special attention is paid to the role of educational institutions in training qualified personnel capable of working in the conditions of globalization. The authors analyzed how internationalization affects innovative project activities, promoting the exchange of knowledge and best practices between countries. The article also discusses strategies for internationalization of labor potential and the importance of developing international partnerships in the field of education and science. Modern trends in the internationalization of human resources at the level of states, corporations, and educational institutions were systematized and evaluated. Special attention is focused on the interaction of international applicants and teachers, exchange of experience and cultural values. Examples of successful initiatives involving foreign specialists in national projects and research supporting innovative development are given. The final sections of the article highlight the prospects for the further development of the internationalization of labor resources in the context of the globalization of the economy and formulate recommendations for the policy of education and development of human resources.