“…Professional library organizations such as the American Library Association (ALA) ( 2008), the Special Libraries Association, and the Medical Library Association (MLA) ( 2007) have identified and defined groups of major professional and personal skills applicable both to librarianship in general (Jones, 2003) and to more narrowly focused specialties such as reference (American Library Association, n.d.; Digital Reference Education Initiative, 2004; Munson and Walton, 2004), VR (Luo, 2007(Luo, , 2008Tu, 2007), instruction (Botts and Emmons, 2002;Peacock, 2001;Robinson et al, 2005), cataloging (Glasser, 2007;Gregory et al, 2008;Hsieh-Lee, 2008), and acquisitions (Diedrichs, 1998;Fisher, 2001). These skill sets are also referred to as competencies, with competency defined as "a generic knowledge, skill, or attitude of a person that is causally related to effective behavior as demonstrated through external performance criteria" (Griffiths and King, 1986).…”