Innovative Separations Technologies

Tripp, Julia; Soelberg, Nick; Wigeland, R. A.

doi:10.2172/1027916

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Exploiting differences in the vapor pressure properties of metal halides in the reprocessing of irradiated fuel opens the door to a family of separation approaches operating directly on used fuel, as reviewed by Tripp et al (2011). A variety of methods can be considered, but they generally can be divided into those involving fluorination and those involving chlorination.…”

Section: Halide Volatilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Innovative Separations Research and Development Needs for Advanced Fuel Cycles

Moyer¹,

Lumetta

Bruffey³

et al. 2022

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Section: Halide Volatilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Innovative Separations Research and Development Needs for Advanced Fuel Cycles

Moyer¹,

Lumetta

Bruffey³

et al. 2022

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“…This process is constructed from information provided in the open literature 18,19,20,21,22,23,24 . The process begins with disassembly of the fuel rods, which is followed by mechanical chopping and chemical decladding using hydrogen as a zirconium hydriding agent.…”

Section: Sulfur Hexafluoride Treatment Of Used Nuclear Fuel To Enhancmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sulfur Hexafluoride Treatment of Used Nuclear Fuel to Enhance Separations

Gray¹,

Torres²,

Korinko³

et al. 2012

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SUMMARYReactive Gas Recycling (RGR) technology development has been initiated at Savannah River National Laboratory (SRNL), with a stretch-goal to develop a fully dry recycling technology for Used Nuclear Fuel (UNF). This approach is attractive due to the potential of targeted gas-phase treatment steps to reduce footprint and secondary waste volumes associated with separations relying primarily on traditional technologies, so long as the fluorinators employed in the reaction are recycled for use in the reactors or are optimized for conversion of fluorinator reactant. The developed fluorination via SF 6 , similar to the case for other fluorinators such as NF 3 , can be used to address multiple fuel forms and downstream cycles including continued processing for LWR via fluorination or incorporation into a aqueous process (e.g. modified FLUOREX) or for subsequent pyro treatment to be used in advanced gas reactor designs such metal-or gas-cooled reactors. This report details the most recent experimental results on the reaction of SF 6 with various fission product surrogate materials in the form of oxides and metals, including uranium oxides using a high-temperature DTA apparatus capable of temperatures in excess of 1000 o C . The experimental results indicate that the majority of the fission products form stable solid fluorides and sulfides, while a subset of the fission products form volatile fluorides such as molybdenum fluoride and niobium fluoride, as predicted thermodynamically. Additional kinetic analysis has been performed on additional fission products. A key result is the verification that SF 6 requires high temperatures for direct fluorination and subsequent volatilization of uranium oxides to UF 6 , and thus is well positioned as a head-end treatment for other separations technologies, such as the volatilization of uranium oxide by NF 3 as reported by colleagues at PNNL, advanced pyrochemical separations or traditional full recycle approaches.Based on current results of the research at SRNL on SF 6 fluoride volatility for UNF separations, SF 6 treatment renders all anticipated volatile fluorides studied to be volatile, and all non-volatile fluorides studied to be non-volatile, with the notable exception of uranium oxides. This offers an excellent opportunity to use this as a head-end separations treatment process because:

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“…58 The ASB Injunction has shed the criminal element of the ASBO; as a result, there is no suggestion that breaching an ASB Injunction would constitute 'mess[ing] with the courts', 59 or that the sentence for a breach should reflect 'the impact on the public of anti-social behaviour in its many forms'. 60 But it may be premature to argue that this change represents a new model of anti-social behaviour and its control, as distinct from a tactical retreat forced by McCann and subsequent judgments. The refusal to define antisocial behaviour, the rhetorical recourse to ideas of cumulative effect and the paradoxical demand for urgent and draconian action to prevent minor and non-criminal actions: all remain in place.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

New ASBOs for old?

Edwards

2015

The Journal of Criminal Law

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The Anti-Social Behaviour Order (ASBO) was designed as a civil/criminal hybrid, preventive in structure and with a largely undefined object. After 2002, legal challenges to the ASBO led to the use of justificatory arguments from cumulative effect, and to the introduction of new measures which offered to regulate anti-social behaviour in more legally acceptable forms. In 2014 the Coalition government replaced the ASBO with two new instruments: a postconviction Criminal Behaviour Order (CBO) and a wholly-civil anti-social behaviour injunction (ASB Injunction). While the CBO and the ASB Injunction build on this history, it is argued that they do not represent a new approach to anti-social behaviour so much as a continuation of the ASBO by other means. KeywordsAnti-social behaviour, ASBO, behaviour regulation, chronic crime, harassmentIn creating the ASBO, the Crime and Disorder Act 1998 empowered a magistrate to impose a range of prohibitions, requested by a police officer or local authority representative, on an individual who had engaged in an undefined range of behaviours which had either caused or had the potential to cause offence. These prohibitions did not address the offending behaviour directly but were designed to prevent the opportunity for offensive behaviour from arising. Any breach of the prohibitions was a criminal offence, potentially attracting a substantial custodial sentence, irrespective of whether the offensive behaviour itself had been repeated. These three characteristics-the undefined nature of anti-social behaviour; the combination of civil and criminal law used to address it; and the preventive regulatory structure of the ASBO-were novel individually; taken together they presented legal and logical challenges, whose working-out dominates the history of the ASBO.The undefined nature of anti-social behaviour, first, was emphasised in parliamentary debates on what would be the Crime and Disorder Act 1998: Home Office minister Alun Michael insisted on a loose definition, arguing that '[a] narrower formulation would permit the defendant to circumvent the order by subtly changing the anti-social activity in question'. 1 Under the terms of the Act, an ASBO could be

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Innovative Separations Technologies

Cited by 4 publications

References 15 publications

Innovative Separations Research and Development Needs for Advanced Fuel Cycles

Innovative Separations Research and Development Needs for Advanced Fuel Cycles

Sulfur Hexafluoride Treatment of Used Nuclear Fuel to Enhance Separations

New ASBOs for old?

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