“…The goal of the scheduling problem is to allocate a given amount of resources to achieve a certain performance metric, such as maximizing the utilization rates of the OR, minimizing the operational cost, minimizing OR overtime, minimizing patients’ waiting time, etc. [ 6 , 7 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 ]. For example, Mancilla et al [ 9 ] developed a stochastic model to minimize the weighted cost associated with patients’ waiting time, OR idle time, and overtime.…”