INOCA and MINOCA: Are Women’s Heart Centres the Answer to Understanding and Management of These Increasing Populations of Women (and Men)?

Sex, Gender, and Women's Heart Health: How Women's Heart Programs Address the Knowledge Gap

“…Notably, INOCA emerges as a prominent concern, affecting primarily midlife women aged 45-65 years. 37 INOCA's pathophysiology encompasses factors such as coronary microvascular dysfunction, coronary endothelial dysfunction, and epicardial vasospasm. Another notable diagnostic challenge seen commonly in WHPs is MINOCA.…”

CWHHA ATLAS: EPIDEMIOLOGY, DIAGNOSIS AND MANAGEMENT OF CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES IN WOMEN Chapter 9: Summary of Current Status, Challenges, Opportunities, and Recommendations

“…Specialized patient care provided by heart centres for women (HCW) improve diagnostic accuracy, quality of life, and CV risk factor management for women with ischemia with no obstructive arteries and MINOCA. 120 , 121 Interestingly, the decline in CVD mortality first seen in men in 1979, was not comparably seen in women until 2012. 122 This time frame coincides with accelerated public advocacy to increase patient and physician awareness of CVD in women, to advance research and education, and with the emergence of specialized and focused CVD care for women.…”