Inoculation of One-Day-Old Chicks with Different Strains of Turkey Herpesvirus. II. Virus Replication in Tissues of Inoculated Animals

Zygraich, N.; Huygelen, C.

doi:10.2307/1588759

Cited by 22 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Experiment 1 is the first experiment in which significant shedding of HVT shed in chicken dander was observed, and this finding has been confirmed in subsequent experiments (for example, . The finding of HVT shedding in dust supports earlier reports of HVT replication in feather follicle epithelium (Zygraich & Huygelen, 1972) and PCR detection of HVT in feather follicle extracts between days 14 and 42 post-infection (Handberg et al, 2001). This raises the obvious issue of the efficiency of lateral transmission of HVT in broiler chickens.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Kinetics of Marek's disease virus (MDV) infection in broiler chickens 1: effect of varying vaccination to challenge interval on vaccinal protection and load of MDV and herpesvirus of turkey in the spleen and feather dander over time

et al. 2008

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Two experiments in commercial broiler chickens vaccinated with herpesvirus of turkeys (HVT) and challenged with Marek's disease virus (MDV) investigated the effects of the vaccination-to-challenge interval (VCI) on vaccinal protection against Marek's disease, and the kinetics of MDV and HVT load in the spleen and feather dander determined using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Experiment 1 in isolators tested VCI of 2, 4 and 7 days, while Experiment 2 in floor pens tested VCI of 0, 2, 4, 7 and 10 days. MDV challenge induced gross Marek's disease lesions in 14% to 74% of chickens by 56 days post-challenge. Vaccinal protection increased from approximately 40% to approximately 80% with increasing VCI between days 2 and 7 in both experiments, but not thereafter. MDV was detected in both the spleen and dander at 7 days post-challenge and increased rapidly to approximately 21 days post-challenge, after which levels plateaued, rose or fell gradually depending on treatment. HVT was also shed in significant amounts, 1 to 2 logs lower than for MDV, with a clear peak around 14 to 21 days post-vaccination. Vaccination significantly reduced the log(10)MDV load in the spleen (vaccinated, 2.99+/-0.20/10(6) spleen cells; unvaccinated, 4.60+/-0.23/10(6) spleen cells) and dander (vaccinated, 5.28+/-0.13/mg; unvaccinated, 6.00+/-0.18/mg) from infected chickens. The MDV load had a significant negative association with the VCI and the level of vaccinal protection. Measurement of dander production in Experiment 1 and the dust content of air in Experiment 2, combined with determination of the MDV load in these, enabled estimation of total daily shedding rates of MDV per chicken and of the MDV load in air for the first time.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Kinetics of Marek's disease virus (MDV) infection in broiler chickens 1: effect of varying vaccination to challenge interval on vaccinal protection and load of MDV and herpesvirus of turkey in the spleen and feather dander over time

et al. 2008

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“…Steck and Haberstich (1976) found no precipitating antigen in the feather follicles in chickens given HVT at 1-day-old. Our findings are in conflict with the data of Zygraich and Huygelen (1972) and Cho (1975), who found infectious HVT in feather follicles during 2 to 4 weeks after virus inoculation at 1-day-old. Rispens et al (1972) found infectious virus in feather tips from birds, viraemic after inoculation with MDV strain CVI 988.…”

Section: If In Specimens Of Skin and Viscera Of CVI 988 Vaccinated Chcontrasting

confidence: 99%

Absence of Marek's disease virus antigen in the feather follicle epithelium of vaccinated chicks demonstrated by immunofluorescence

Maas

Vloten²,

Vreede‐Groenewegen³

et al. 1978

Avian Pathology

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SUMMARYIn chickens vaccinated with MDV strain CVI 988, HVT strain FC 126 or PB-THV 1, no MDV-specific antigens could be demonstrated in the feather follicle epithelium by immunofluorescence (IF). In chickens given virulent MDV strains, the epithelium of the feather follicle was positive in IF. In an experiment where chickens were vaccinated with strain CVI 988, positive IF was observed in the lung, bursa and pancreas, but not in the feather follicle epithelium, kidney, cloaca, or caecal tonsils. Absence of IF antigen in the skin may be indicative of avirulence of the strain of MDV.

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“…As herpesviruses are known for being particularly epitheliotropic and the feather follicle epithelium is the only anatomical site in the bird where productive infection with MDV occurs (Calnek et al, 1970), we attempted to recover viral DNA from this site. Feather tips can be easily obtained from infected birds and this allows the course of infection to be traced efficiently (Lapen et al, 1970;Moriguchi et al, 1983Moriguchi et al, , 1987Sharma, 1987;Zygraich & Huygelen, 1972). Chickens challenged by contact were used in this study in order to mimic as closely as possible the situation encountered in commercial poultry flocks.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Replication of Marek's disease virus in chicken feather tips containing vaccinal turkey herpesvirus DNA

et al. 1991

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The presence of herpesvirus of turkeys (HVT) DNA in the feather tips of chickens vaccinated with HVT was assessed by dot blot hybridisation with a probe specific for HVT and lacking homology to MDV DNA. Only small amounts of HVT DNA were detected in the feather tips of chickens that were vaccinated or left in contact with HVT vaccinated chickens. However when chickens were challenged with virulent MDV, HVT DNA was detected in the feather tips of vaccinated chickens and the largest amount was detected 35 days after vaccination. HVT DNA was recovered in significantly higher quantities from some of the MDV-infected chickens than from those infected by contact. This suggests that MDV infection may provide helper functions for HVT. MDV DNA was identified in the feather tips of MDV-challenged chickens from 25 to 45 days after challenge. Thus, immunisation of chickens with HVT did not prevent the replication of MDV in the feather tips but only diminished it.

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Inoculation of One-Day-Old Chicks with Different Strains of Turkey Herpesvirus. II. Virus Replication in Tissues of Inoculated Animals

Cited by 22 publications

References 7 publications

Kinetics of Marek's disease virus (MDV) infection in broiler chickens 1: effect of varying vaccination to challenge interval on vaccinal protection and load of MDV and herpesvirus of turkey in the spleen and feather dander over time

Kinetics of Marek's disease virus (MDV) infection in broiler chickens 1: effect of varying vaccination to challenge interval on vaccinal protection and load of MDV and herpesvirus of turkey in the spleen and feather dander over time

Absence of Marek's disease virus antigen in the feather follicle epithelium of vaccinated chicks demonstrated by immunofluorescence

Replication of Marek's disease virus in chicken feather tips containing vaccinal turkey herpesvirus DNA

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