Inoculum production and survival of Gibberella zeae in maize and wheat residues

Khonga, E.B.; Sutton, J.C.

doi:10.1080/07060668809501730

Cited by 90 publications

(51 citation statements)

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“…Ascospores and macroconidia are the main inocula (3,7,9) and are typically produced on the residues of the previous crop (4, 7). The fungus can survive as a saprophyte on the previous crop's residue for 2 or more years (10,11,12). Although both ascospores and conidia can be detected in cereal crops, ascospores are more prevalent than conidia in many areas (3,4,7,13).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Temperature and Moisture on Development of Fusarium graminearum Perithecia in Maize Stalk Residues

Manstretta

Rossi

2016

Appl Environ Microbiol

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Fusarium graminearum is the predominant component of the Fusarium head blight complex of wheat. F. graminearum ascospores, which initiate head infection, mature in perithecia on crop residues and become airborne. The effects of temperature (T) and moisture on perithecium production and maturation and on ascospore production on maize stalk residues were determined. In the laboratory, perithecia were produced at temperatures between 5 and 30°C (the optimum was 21.7°C) but matured only at 20 and 25°C. Perithecia were produced when relative humidity (RH) was >75% but matured only when RH was >85%; perithecium production and maturation increased with RH. Equations describing perithecium production and maturation over time as a function of T and RH (R 2 > 0.96) were developed. Maize stalks were also placed outdoors on three substrates: a grass lawn exposed to rain; a constantly wet, spongelike foam exposed to rain; and a grass lawn protected from rain. No perithecia were produced on stalks protected from rain. Perithecium production and maturation were significantly higher on the constantly wet foam than on the intermittently wet lawn (both exposed to rain). Ascospore numbers but not their dispersal patterns were also affected by the substrate. Fusarium head blight (FHB) is one of the most widespread and dangerous diseases of wheat and other small-grain cereals (1, 2). Up to 17 species belonging to the genera Fusarium and Microdochium have been recognized as responsible for FHB (3). Fusarium graminearum has been considered the predominant species in most cereal-growing areas of the world (4, 5, 6). Symptoms of the disease include premature bleaching of spikes or spikelets, sterile florets, poorly filled grains, and grains that are shriveled and discolored (white to pale pink) (7). The disease reduces yield, grain quality, including contamination by mycotoxins, and seed quality (3).Wheat spikes are receptive to infection from flowering to the soft-dough stage (8). Ascospores and macroconidia are the main inocula (3,7,9) and are typically produced on the residues of the previous crop (4, 7). The fungus can survive as a saprophyte on the previous crop's residue for 2 or more years (10,11,12). Although both ascospores and conidia can be detected in cereal crops, ascospores are more prevalent than conidia in many areas (3,4,7,13). Macroconidia are produced in sporodochia and are dispersed for short distances by splashing rain (14,15,16). Ascospores mature in perithecia and are forcibly discharged into the air; they are then airborne and can travel meters to kilometers (9,17,18,19).The main factors influencing production of perithecia and ascospores are light, temperature, and moisture. Light with wavelengths between 300 and 320 nm is essential for the induction of perithecium (20). Paulitz (21) observed more perithecia on the side of debris exposed to direct light; perithecia were also found on grains buried at 5 to 10 cm, but they did not produce ascospores (10).Perithecia and ascospores are formed under warm and moist co...

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confidence: 99%

Effects of Temperature and Moisture on Development of Fusarium graminearum Perithecia in Maize Stalk Residues

Manstretta

Rossi

2016

Appl Environ Microbiol

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“…Since the pathogen survives on the crop débris, burying the débris results in faster décomposition than if the débris is left on the soil (Dill-Macky et al 1998;Khonga and Sutton 1988;Teich and Hamilton 1985). Therefore, cultural practices such as conventional tillage may reduce disease, compared to low till.…”

Section: Cultural Practicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, since much of the residue is left on the surface, the inoculum can overwinter. Many studies hâve shown a réduction in survival of the pathogen if the residue is buried (Khonga and Sutton 1988;Teich and Hamilton 1985). However a return to the moldboard plow is unlikely.…”

Section: Phytoprotection 80: 127-133mentioning

confidence: 99%

Fusarium head blight : a re-emerging disease

Paulitz

1999

Phytoprotection

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“…During the last two decades, U.S. wheat experienced large direct production losses because of FHB (35,36) and even larger indirect losses in other sectors of the economy (43), contributing to the characterization of FHB as a reemerging disease of importance (36,53). Increased corn (Zea mays) production in wheat-growing regions, concurrent with wider adoption of reduced tillage for soil conservation, were likely contributory factors to severe epidemics beginning in the latter part of the 19th century (36,60), as pathogen survival in corn residue is an acknowledged FHB risk factor (13,27). FHB epidemiological research includes (i) basic documentation of epidemics and observed weather conditions at the time, a mainly descriptive effort, followed by quantification of optimal (usually controlled) conditions for various epidemiologically relevant processes (7,14,45,59,62,63); (ii) synthesis of basic epidemiological results into generalized, qualitative risk algorithms predicting FHB epidemics (47,59,63); and (iii) translation of the generalized risk algorithms into quantitative risk models (10,12,18,25,32,34,39,41,58), several of which were reviewed elsewhere (55).…”

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confidence: 99%

Predicting Fusarium Head Blight Epidemics With Weather-Driven Pre- and Post-Anthesis Logistic Regression Models

Shah¹,

Molineros²,

Paul³

et al. 2013

Phytopathology®

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Shah, D. A., Molineros, J. E., Paul, P. A., Willyerd, K. T., Madden, L. V., and De Wolf, E. D. 2013. Predicting Fusarium head blight epidemics with weather-driven pre-and post-anthesis logistic regression models. Phytopathology 103:906-919.Our objective was to identify weather-based variables in pre-and postanthesis time windows for predicting major Fusarium head blight (FHB) epidemics (defined as FHB severity  10%) in the United States. A binary indicator of major epidemics for 527 unique observations (31% of which were major epidemics) was linked to 380 predictor variables summarizing temperature, relative humidity, and rainfall in 5-, 7-, 10-, 14-, or 15-daylong windows either pre-or post-anthesis. Logistic regression models were built with a training data set (70% of the 527 observations) using the leaps-and-bounds algorithm, coupled with bootstrap variable and model selection methods. Misclassification rates were estimated on the training and remaining (test) data. The predictive performance of models with indicator variables for cultivar resistance, wheat type (spring or winter), and corn residue presence was improved by adding up to four weatherbased predictors. Because weather variables were intercorrelated, no single model or subset of predictor variables was best based on accuracy, model fit, and complexity. Weather-based predictors in the 15 final empirical models selected were all derivatives of relative humidity or temperature, except for one rainfall-based predictor, suggesting that relative humidity was better at characterizing moisture effects on FHB than other variables. The average test misclassification rate of the final models was 19% lower than that of models currently used in a national FHB prediction system.Additional keywords: additive logistic regression, data mining, multiple imputation.In the United States, Fusarium head blight (FHB) of wheat (Triticum aestivum L. em. Thell) is caused primarily by Fusarium graminearum sensu stricto of the F. graminearum species complex (44). Major FHB epidemics have occurred somewhere in the United States in every decade since the disease was formally described by W. G. Smith in 1884 (60) although, in any given location, epidemics tend to occur sporadically. During the last two decades, U.S. wheat experienced large direct production losses because of FHB (35,36) and even larger indirect losses in other sectors of the economy (43), contributing to the characterization of FHB as a reemerging disease of importance (36,53). Increased corn (Zea mays) production in wheat-growing regions, concurrent with wider adoption of reduced tillage for soil conservation, were likely contributory factors to severe epidemics beginning in the latter part of the 19th century (36,60), as pathogen survival in corn residue is an acknowledged FHB risk factor (13,27). FHB epidemiological research includes (i) basic documentation of epidemics and observed weather conditions at the time, a mainly descriptive effort, followed by quantification of optimal (usually controlle...

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Inoculum production and survival of Gibberella zeae in maize and wheat residues

Cited by 90 publications

References 15 publications

Effects of Temperature and Moisture on Development of Fusarium graminearum Perithecia in Maize Stalk Residues

Effects of Temperature and Moisture on Development of Fusarium graminearum Perithecia in Maize Stalk Residues

Fusarium head blight : a re-emerging disease

Predicting Fusarium Head Blight Epidemics With Weather-Driven Pre- and Post-Anthesis Logistic Regression Models

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