Inorganic and Organic Solutes in Apoplastic and Symplastic Spaces Contribute to Osmotic Adjustment During Leaf Rolling in Ctenanthe Setosa

Abstract

In Ctenanthe setosa we studied changes in apoplastic and symplastic sugar, proline, ions and organic acids under drought stress causing leaf rolling. Leaf extractions were made at visually judged leaf rolling stages (not rolled, slightly rolled, strongly rolled, completely rolled). Glucose and sucrose content increased in the symplast. Glucose declined during leaf rolling in the apoplast, and sucrose was not present. Symplastic and apoplastic proline content increased during leaf rolling; citrate increased in both compartments, and malate increased in the symplast but declined in the apoplast. Symplastic and apoplastic K + declined during rolling. Ca 2+ increased at slightly rolled stage but then began to decrease in both compartments. Na + level increasing in the symplast but decreased in the apoplast. Cl -decreased in both compartments during rolling. Glucose, proline, Na + and K + are preferred for osmotic adjustment during leaf rolling under drought.K Ke ey y w wo or rd ds s: : Apoplast, ions, leaf rolling, organic acids, proline, sugars.

EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT IRRIGATION LEVELS AND PROLINE TREATMENTS ON ORGANIC ACIDS AND SECONDARY METABOLITES OF PEPPER (Capsicum annuum L. cv. Yalova Yağlık 28)

“…In biplot graph, over the citric acid axis, the Kcp50 irrigation level without proline treatment (1) was the furthest treatment to ascorbic acid axis and such a case indicated that this treatment had quite low ascorbic acid content and high citric acid content. Increasing citric acid contents were reported with drought stress (Sağlam et al, 2010). Considering the treatments without proline (9, 5, 1), at Kcp50 irrigation level, treatment (1) was placed on positive side of oxalic acid axis (PC1˃0, PC2˃0), negative side of ascorbic acid axis (PC1<0) and on citric acid axis (PC1>0, PC2>0), at Kcp100 and Kcp150 irrigation levels, treatments (5,9) were placed on positive side of ascorbic acid axis and negative side of citric acid axis (PC1<0, PC2<0).…”

Leaf-rolling in maize crops: from leaf scoring to canopy-level measurements for phenotyping

“…Leaf-rolling has been related to the accumulation of phytohormones ( Krishna, 2003 ; Takahashi and Kakehi, 2010 ; Talaat and Shawky, 2012 ), some of which control stress-responsive gene expression ( Divi et al , 2010 ). Some pronounced changes in concentrations of organic acids or ions such as K + and Cl − may also induce leaf-rolling, as demonstrated by Saglam et al (2010) . In addition to the biotic factors that had previously been reported, Kadioglu et al (2012) demonstrated that herbivores, viruses, bacteria, and fungi may also induce leaf-rolling through other biochemical pathways.…”

Leaf rolling in maize crops: from leaf scoring to canopy level measurements for phenotyping

“…Some of these hormones control stress responsive gene expression (Divi et al , 2010). Some prominent changes in concentration of organic acids or ions such as K + and Cl − may also induce leaf rolling as demonstrated by (Saglam et al , 2010). In addition to the biotic factors described earlier, (Kadioglu et al , 2012) demonstrated that herbivores, viruses, bacteria and fungi may also induce leaf rolling through other biochemical pathways.…”