Inorganic Composition of Saline-Irrigated Biomass

Thy, P.; Yu, Chao; Blunk, Sherry; Jenkins, Bryan M.

doi:10.1007/s11270-013-1617-y

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…The results indicate that higher temperatures and leaching decrease the amount of chlorides present in the ash, which agrees with other reports in the literature. 42,65,66 For the ashes tested, the Cl values are low regardless of treatment or ashing temperature and thus are unlikely to impact concrete in most applications. The highest value was 1.52% Cl for S-U-600, which, if used to replace 15% of cement as done in this study, would lead to a Cl content of 0.22% for the binder.…”

Section: ■ Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Leaching Method and Ashing Temperature of Rice Residues for Energy Production and Construction Materials

Cunningham

Wang

Thy

et al. 2021

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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Escalating demands for infrastructure materials and energy worldwide necessitate exploration of means to efficiently utilize resources to support growing consumption. This work evaluates the potential symbiotic relationship between cultivation of an agricultural product (namely, rice), energy conversion, and utilization of bioash in the production of cement-based materials to improve the sustainability across multiple industries. Primarily, leaching methods of biomass that benefit energy conversion are evaluated as a means to simultaneously improve ash properties for use in cement-based materials. Specifically, this study considers water leaching and H3PO4 leaching of rice hulls and rice straw, which were subsequently ashed at three different temperatures, 600, 850, and 1100 °C. The effects of leaching on the ash characteristics, on the performance of ash-cement mortars, and on the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from both the mortars and energy produced are quantified. Findings showed that while acid leaching led to higher GHG emissions for electricity generation, leaching decreased concentrations of undesirable alkali metals and chlorides in the ash. Regardless of treatment and ashing temperature, the inclusion of bioash delayed the early strength development of the cement-based mortars. Yet, several permutations of treatment, feedstock type, and ashing temperature were found to contribute to the later-age strength development of cement-based materials while reducing related GHG emissions. Specifically, after 28 days of curing, mortars containing 15% cement replacement with unleached ash prepared at 600 °C had 1–5% lower compressive strength, and after 56 days, mortars with leached rice hull ash prepared at 600 °C had 5–6% lower compressive strengths. Further, the use of unleached and water-leached ashes in mortar led to reductions in GHG emissions up to 15%. Hence, this work shows that pretreatment methods applied to rice biomass residues may contribute to desirable cobenefits for energy and materials production.

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Section: ■ Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Leaching Method and Ashing Temperature of Rice Residues for Energy Production and Construction Materials

Cunningham

Wang

Thy

et al. 2021

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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“…The reference data show that the water-soluble fraction yields of 36 biomass diversities dominantly from woody, herbaceous, and agricultural biomass (44 samples) vary in the large range of 1.0–60.0% (mean, 9.1%). ,,,− According to the classification of natural waters and their total mineralization, these leachates have salty, sea salty, and brine character. The above data also show that the water extractives are much more abundant in herbaceous and agricultural biomass (mean, 14.3%) than those in wood and woody biomass (mean, 5.8%).…”

Section: Results and Ddscussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The water-soluble elements in biomass have been studied widely (see refs , , , , , , , , − , , , , , and − ). It was found that the element proportions leached from different biomass sources are variable.…”

Section: Results and Ddscussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It was found that TEs such as Lu, Pr, Sr, U, Co, V, As, Cd, and Ga tend to associate with the water-soluble fractions abundant in chlorides, sulfates, nitrates, and organics in the eight biomasses studied. 13 Some of the above TEs plus Ba, Cs, Li, Mo, Rb, Cu, Pb, and Zn were also removed significantly from other biomasses by water leaching (Table 2 and reference data 21,58 ). On the other hand, it was identified that TEs such as B, Li, Mo, Rb, Sr, Y, U, Cr, Ni, V, Pb, and Zn associate preferably with the water-soluble fractions in BAs produced from the present eight biomasses.…”

Section: Technological and Environmental Challenges Related To Water-...mentioning

confidence: 98%

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Water-Soluble Fractions of Biomass and Biomass Ash and Their Significance for Biofuel Application

Vassilev

Vassileva

2019

Energy Fuels

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An overview of the water-soluble fractions of biomass and biomass ash (BA) and their significance for solid biofuel application was conducted based on reference peer-reviewed data plus our own investigations. Characteristics such as fluid matter and moisture of biomass, composition, and properties of water-soluble fractions isolated from biomass and BA are considered, including fraction yield, content of water-soluble elements, phase-mineral composition, pH, and electrical conductivity. It was found that the water-soluble fraction of biomass and BA is highly enriched in Cl, S, K, Na, N, and P and some hazardous trace elements with unfavorable modes of element occurrences such as alkaline chlorides, sulfates, nitrates, carbonates, oxalates, and some oxyhydroxides, phosphates, and amorphous material. These compounds provoke the most critical technological (slagging, deposit formation, fouling, and corrosion) and environmental (fine particle partitioning, volatilization of hazardous air pollutant elements, and contamination of air, water, soil, and plant) challenges during the thermochemical conversion of biomass and BA processing. The reduction or immobilization of the undesirable water-soluble components in salt-tolerant biomass and BA can be achieved by feedstock selection, modification of harvesting and fertilization practices, natural or industrial water washing, fuel blending, and use of additives before processing. On the other hand, the water-soluble fraction leached from biomass and BA can be utilized for the recovery of some elements, synthesis of some minerals and production of soil amendments and different materials, whereas the water-soluble components in BA can contribute for capture and storage of atmospheric CO2.

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Anthropocene Geochemical and Technological Signatures of an Experimental Landfill Bioreactor in the Central Valley of California

et al. 2022

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The geochemical signatures of a 12-year-old experimental bioreactor at a California landfill are used to identify elemental concentrations and ratios that characterize the landfill and relate it to the age and state of technology of the deposited waste. The bioreactor was constructed and sealed with a synthetic liner during 2001–2002 and operated and monitored as an anaerobic digester to enhance methane production. In 2013, the bioreactor was sampled and trace element concentrations of the extracted fine fractions were determined. The concentrations normalized to a regional soil composition, reveal systematic peaks for transition metals, alkali metals, heavy metals, and various metalloids and non-metals. A group of potential solder elements (Cu, Zn, Cd, In, Sn, Pb, Bi, and Sb) shows moderate to strong co-variations and is largely attributed to household electronic components and other similar products, while elements that correlated well with rare-earth and other elements are related to the diluting effect of a soil component used as cover. Batteries show modest to little effects on the overall concentrations. Circulating fluids (recycled leachate) in the controlled reactor did not completely redistribute and homogenize the elemental signatures within the time frame of the bioreactor. It is concluded that the present experimental landfill defines an Anthropocene marker identifiable by building material (plaster), PVC plastic, and household electronic components (Pb–Sn solder). These marker elements and ratios are variably diluted by soil components identified by alkali metals, rare-earths, and high field-strength elements (Hf, Zr, Nb, and Ta).

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Inorganic Composition of Saline-Irrigated Biomass

Cited by 6 publications

References 27 publications

Effects of Leaching Method and Ashing Temperature of Rice Residues for Energy Production and Construction Materials

Effects of Leaching Method and Ashing Temperature of Rice Residues for Energy Production and Construction Materials

Water-Soluble Fractions of Biomass and Biomass Ash and Their Significance for Biofuel Application

Anthropocene Geochemical and Technological Signatures of an Experimental Landfill Bioreactor in the Central Valley of California

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