Barium and lead sulphate and chromate precipitations were studied a t 20' t o 95 "C a t precipitation rates varying from ion 1-1 sec-l: the supersaturation was developed by slow direct addition of anion to metal nitrate solution and by neutralisation of equivalent metal salt in excess acid solution. Slow heterogeneous nucleation occurred onto particles dispersed within the aqueous solution. The nucleation rate a t any time waswhere k, is the rate constant for heterogeneous nucleation, N , is the maximum number of potential nuclei, N , is the number of nuclei after time t, I.P, is the ionic product (CMJ(CMt) and 2n is the number of metal salt ions in the critical nucleus, generally eight.Crystal growth started after induction periods 6) a t times just-after the times for maximum rate of formation of nuclei. The induction periods ( t ) for precipitations from solutions of initial cation concentration C M~ varied with precipitation rate (R)according to the relation t = , where y = n/(n + 1) a,nd k, (the unit recik, fMoRy procalinduction period) = 2! n+l .A. PACKTER, S. SAHAY Nucleation was somewhat slower for precipitations at higher temperatures. Probably, the nucleator particles were less readily 'wetted' and, overall, the function f (CTXS) decreased with rise in temperature ; nucleation rate constants then increased to some extent.
Ref erenoesAIA, M. A.