Inorganic ions in glasses and polycrystalline pellets as fluorescence standard reference materials

Abstract

The absorption and fluorescence of inorgan ic glasses and polycrystalline disks doped by heavy metal ions is discuss ed , and their use as fluoresce nce stand ard s is evaluated. The advantages of the glass standards over other media is summarized.The glass standards are divided into two groups (1) glasses doped by trivale nt rare earths such as Gd3 +, Tb3 +, Eu3 +, Sm3 +, and Tm3+ which have narrow band optical s pectra as a result of intraconfig~rational transitions, and (2) glasses and polycrystalline disks doped by ions s uch as Tl+, Pb 2 +, Ce 3 +, and Cu + whi ch have broad spectral bands since th e optical spectra originate from interconfigurationally allowed transitions. Optical and physical parameters , including matrix effects, quantum efficiencies, decay characteristics, Stokes' shifts and spin-orbit versus orbit-lattice interaction s due to the different trans itions wi ll be discussed.Group (1) glasses are suitable for use as standards where a narrow well-defined fluorescence range is required, and group (2) glasses are suitable for use as standards whenever a substance with a wide range of fluorescen ce is measured. Special em phasis will be placed on energy transfer between donor and acceptor ions.

Optical Properties and Nature of Coordination of Cu+ Ions in Calcium Metaphosphate Glass

“…Each of the reported spectra shows a single band which differs from the other ones in respect of energies, e.g. Reisfeld [3] found the maximum around 220 nm while others [2,4] detected it in between 240 to 250 nm.…”

Characterization of Standard Reference Material 2940, Mn-ion-doped glass, spectral correction standard for fluorescence

“…Desirable characteristics of artifact standards for fluorescence have been specified [1,[12][13][14] and metal-ion-doped glasses have been suggested as fluorescence standards previously [12,15,16]. Many of the radiometric characteristics of glasses can influence their effectiveness as standards, including absorbance, fluorescence anisotropy, temperature dependence of fluorescence intensity, fluorescence lifetime and photostability [8].…”

Characterization of Standard Reference Material 2941, uranyl-ion-doped glass, spectral correction standard for fluorescence

“…Desirable characteristics of artifact standards for fluorescence have been specified previously [1,[8][9][10] and include that they be photostable, homogeneous, temperature and polarization independent, low concentration, traceable to a primary standard, supplied with certified values and uncertainties, have a large Stokes shift and a long shelf life. Uranium-containing materials and glasses have played important roles in the understanding of fluorescence and the development of measurement techniques based on fluorescence [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19].…”