Inorganic material surfaces made bioactive by immobilizing growth factors for hard tissue engineering

Abstract

Medical and dental titanium has become the fundamental material in clinical use, in applications from surgical instruments and orthopedic rods to pins and plates. Besides titanium, various inorganic materials have been used in tissue engineering because of their unique mechanical properties. However, inorganic materials have no specific biological activities. The immobilization of growth factors on these materials is expected to add various biological functionalities that can regulate cell destinies, including not only adhesion but also cell growth or differentiation at the interface between these inorganic materials and biological tissues. This review discusses recent progress in the immobilization of growth factors on inorganic materials, including the methods and applications used for hard tissue engineering.

Covalent immobilisation of VEGF on plasma-coated electrospun scaffolds for tissue engineering applications

“…In addition, experimental settings demonstrated that extracellular matrix (ECM)-immobilised or soluble factors execute distinct action on cell fate and physiology by altering downstream signal cascades [6]. Growth factor immobilisation furthermore renders inert, inorganic materials biologically active with adequate biointerfaces for implantation [7].…”

Gelatin-based hydrogels for biomedical applications

“…Developing new uses for gelatin-based hydrogels is another important area of academic research. [11] Additionally, the mechanical and chemical properties of gelatin can be modified using various kinds of crosslinking agents [12][13][14][15][16] (e.g., glutaraldehyde, genipin, and dextran dialdehyde). For example, Crescenzi et al [17] developed new gelatin-based hydrogels from high bloom purified gelatin A with/without hyaluronan by using transglutaminase-catalyzed crosslinking to form more densely connected networks that support cell regeneration.…”

Effects of Immobilizations of rhBMP-2 and/or rhPDGF-BB on Titanium Implant Surfaces on Osseointegration and Bone Regeneration

“…Since titanium has good mechanical properties, corrosion resistance, and biocompatibility without biological activity, it is generally used as an implant material [43]. Due to its inertness in vivo, physical adsorption or chemical coatings are required to enable biomolecules to adhere to titanium surfaces [44]. However, the chemical substances used for this purpose, such as, APTES, EDAC, and NHS, are harmful to the human body [45].…”