Inorganic mineral precipitation from potable water on heat transfer surfaces

Al‐Gailani, Amthal; Charpentier, Thibaut; Sanni, Olujide; Crisp, Richard; Bruins, Jantinus H.; Neville, Anne

doi:10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2020.125621

Cited by 10 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…The formation of inorganic scale is thermodynamically possible when the aqueous solution is supersaturated with one of the sparingly soluble salts such as calcium carbonate CaCO3, sulphate salts of calcium, magnesium hydroxide Mg(OH)2, etc [1]. These deposits increase the resistance to heat transfer and reduce flow area of the working fluids in industrial, commercial and domestic systems [2][3][4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inorganic fouling of heat transfer surface from potable water during convective heat transfer

Al‐Gailani

Sanni

Charpentier

et al. 2021

Applied Thermal Engineering

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inorganic fouling of heat transfer surface from potable water during convective heat transfer

Al‐Gailani

Sanni

Charpentier

et al. 2021

Applied Thermal Engineering

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“…SO 2À 4 showed more variations than that of Cl À for all the kettles throughout the seven runs. Gailani et al (2020) have reported that as the boiling continues, the chloride ion content and salinity increase with the volume of evaporated water.…”

Section: Effect Of Reboiling Of Water On Various Anionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus on increasing the number of boiling stages, loss of water through evaporation operation can act as a thermodynamic driving force for the crystallization reaction resulting in the precipitation of insoluble salts (Gubbins 1997) onto the interior of the kettle (Figure 7). The continuous deposition of insoluble salts can reduce the heat transfer area and hence increases the power needed for the boiling operation (Gailani et al 2020). Whelton et al (2007) reported that the continuous deposition of mineral salts can affect the quality attributes of boiled water such as color and taste.…”

Section: Effect Of Reboiling Of Water On Various Cationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of multiple boiling of potable water utilizing household kettles for consumption

Al-Anzi

Abraham

Bamanga

2021

Journal of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for Development

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Boiling potable water utilizing 11 household/office electrical kettles for sterilization and aesthetic purposes is common among all age groups. However, the effect of continued boiling of the same water multiple times utilizing household electrical kettles on potable water quality has not been investigated previously; thus, the current study experimentally investigates the effect of reboiling potable water seven times on potable water quality. Kettle H (Dexon) recorded the highest concentration increase in Cl− and of 62.5 and 104%, respectively. In the case of cations, kettles I (Dexon Glass) and H (Dexon) recorded the highest concentration values for Na+ (48.8 ppm) ion in comparison with Ca2+ (31.8 ppm; kettle K (Moulinex)) and Mg2+ (5.8 ppm; kettles I and H). Kettles A (Sharp) and E (Black + Decker) showed a total dissolved solids (TDS) value of 34 ppm and a pH value of 9.05, respectively, after the second boiling that is undesirable as per the permissible standards. It is observed that kettles with a water compartment made of stainless steel displayed values closer to the raw sample after one to two boiling as per anions, pH and TDS analyses. Moulinex, Tokyo, Wansa and Bosch showed the best results in the case of various analyses.

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“…The reduction in surface tension can reduce the solid-liquid contact angle and can improve the spread ability and wettability of liquid droplets on the heating surface. Al-Gailani et al [13] investigated the influence of heating and cooling rate and water composition on the kinetics of inorganic salt precipitation taking place when water is heated from ambient temperature up to its boiling point. They deposited a thin layer of liquid on a surface heated to 100 • C and the allowed it to cool down.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Dissolved Salts on Steady-State Heat Transfer Using Excessive Cooling by Water-Air Mists

Hernández-Bocanegra

Acosta-González

Ramos-Banderas

et al. 2022

Metals

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This work reports a new finding on the effect of dissolved salts, in water-air mists, on spray heat removal efficiencies from a metallic surface under steady state conditions. The experimental system is based on a calorimeter that measures heat flux removed by water-air mist sprays from 8 mm diameter × 2.5 mm thickness platinum samples heated by electromagnetic induction. During steady-state experiments, a solid-state controller equilibrates automatically the rate of heat generation with the rate of heat removal to reach a constant temperature. Equilibrium temperatures for stepwise T rising include 200 to 1200 °C in steps of 100 °C and then stepwise T that is lowered to 200 °C. The new finding is that, when using soft water-air mist and a high-water impingement density, a lack of temperature control during stepwise T increases was observed when stepping from 200 to 300 °C. This lack of temperature control is associated with a high heat flux and is attributed to the stabilization of the single-phase convection regime when T rising from 200 to 300 °C. Temperature stabilization was again possible only at wall temperatures Tw≥600 °C, at which single-phase convection was not stable. In contrast, when using a hard water-air mist under the same fluid flow conditions, all temperatures were readily reached. This is attributed to the transition from single-phase convection to nucleate boiling regime when T increased from 200 to 300 °C. This transition leads to a decrease in heat flux due to a reduction in the contact area between liquid and the wall surface. Finally, the corresponding boiling curves at high wall temperatures show the importance of heat radiation from the wall to understand the effect of salts during the stable vapor film regime.

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Inorganic mineral precipitation from potable water on heat transfer surfaces

Abstract: This is a repository copy of Inorganic mineral precipitation from potable water on heat transfer surfaces.

Cited by 10 publications

References 24 publications

Inorganic fouling of heat transfer surface from potable water during convective heat transfer

Inorganic fouling of heat transfer surface from potable water during convective heat transfer

Assessment of multiple boiling of potable water utilizing household kettles for consumption

Effect of Dissolved Salts on Steady-State Heat Transfer Using Excessive Cooling by Water-Air Mists

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