Inorganic nanocrystal-carbon composite derived from cross-linked gallic acid derivative of polyphosphazenes for the efficient oxygen evolution reaction

Advancing the Development of Hollow Micro/nanostructured Materials for Electrocatalytic Water Splitting: Current State, Challenges, and Perspectives

“… Water electrolysis is regarded as a promising and environmentally friendly strategy for H 2 production, in contrast to conventional processes (such as steam reforming and coal gasification) that involve interactions between steam and fossil fuels. However, it is still difficult to accomplish remarkably efficient H 2 generation on a large scale utilizing renewable energy. An essential requirement is developing cost-effective catalysts to expedite the slow kinetics of the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) at the cathode and anode surfaces, respectively. − Presently, noble metals and related compounds are advanced catalytic materials for HER and OER (e.g., Pt is used for HER while IrO 2 and RuO 2 are used for OER). − However, the extensive utilization of these catalysts continues to face challenges owing to the scarce accessibility of resources, high cost of precious metals, and insufficient long-term durability during electrocatalytic water splitting …”