Inorganic–Organic Hybrid Dielectrics for Energy Conversion: Mechanism, Strategy, and Applications

Abstract

Dielectric materials with higher energy storage and electromagnetic (EM) energy conversion are in high demand to advance electronic devices, military stealth, and mitigate EM wave pollution. Existing dielectric materials for highenergy-storage electronics and dielectric loss electromagnetic wave absorbers are studied toward realizing these goals, each aligned with the current global grand challenges. Libraries of dielectric materials with desirable permittivity, dielectric loss, and/or dielectric breakdown strength potentially meeting the device requirements are reviewed here. Regardless, aimed at translating these into energy storage devices, the oft-encountered shortcomings can be caused by either of two confluences: a) low permittivity, high dielectric loss, and low breakdown strength; b) low permittivity, low dielectric loss, and process complexity. Contextualizing these aspects and the overarching objectives of enabling high-efficiency energy storage and EM energy conversion, recent advances in by-design inorganic-organic hybrid materials are reviewed here, with a focus on design approaches, preparation methods, and characterization techniques. In light of their strengths and weaknesses, potential strategies to foster their commercial adoption are critically interrogated.

Development of a Short Carbon Fiber@Polyaniline/Polydimethylsiloxane Flexible Composite Film with Excellent Microwave Absorption Properties at an Ultralow Filler Content

“…Previous research has demonstrated that Debye relaxation has a facilitating role in improving MA performance, and the Cole–Cole model is commonly applied to analyze the relaxation process. The relevant formula is as follows , ε r = ε ∞ + ε s − ε ∞ 1 + j 2 π f τ = ε ′ − normalj ε ″ where ε r (relative complex permittivity), ε ∞ (dielectric constant at the infinite frequency), ε s (static dielectric constant), and τ (polarization relaxation time) are in the above formula, respectively. So, ε′ and ε can be expressed by the corresponding equations, respectively. ε ′ = ε ∞ + ε s − ε ∞ 1 + false( 2 π f false) 2 τ 2 ε ″ = 2 π f τ ( ε normals − ε ∞ ) 1 + false( 2 π f false) 2 τ 2 …”

“…Previous research has demonstrated that Debye relaxation has a facilitating role in improving MA performance, and the Cole−Cole model is commonly applied to analyze the relaxation process. The relevant formula is as follows 41,42…”

Constructing multi-interface-structured FeNi/Fe2O3@Al2O3@C rod-like nanocomposites for superior microwave-absorption performance

“…The H C value may not be accurate, but the relative relationship can be adopted. Due to the increasing Ni content and the FeNi particle's size, the increase of M S and decrease of H C may favor magnetic loss to some degree [27][28][29].…”

The Recent Advances of Polymer–POSS Nanocomposites With Low Dielectric Constant

“…However, with increasing frequency, the response time of dipoles decreases, leading to higher dielectric loss tangents, with conduction loss becoming more significant at high frequencies. [28,29] For materials, lower dielectric loss is preferable. Higher dielectric loss can lead to increased energy dissipation, lower system efficiency, signal distortion in communication systems, release of thermal energy causing overheating of electronic components or devices, and various other issues.…”