Inorganic speciation of organotin(IV) cations in natural waters with particular reference to seawater

Speciation of organotin compounds in NaCl aqueous solution: interaction of mono‐, di‐ and tri‐organotin(IV) cations with nucleotide 5′ monophosphates

“…The (11-2) species also shows a noticeable formation percentage at the typical pH conditions of seawater (pH 8), even if a lower formation percentage is obtained when considering the real ionic strength of seawater (∼0.7 mol l −1 ). In this case, in fact, owing to the higher concentration of sodium and chloride ions and the presence of other interacting components such as calcium, magnesium and sulfate ions, the free available concentration of both XMP and organotin(IV) cations, as well as their hydrolytic species, is lower, as shown in previous investigations on the chemical speciation of organotins 20 and nucleotides 21 in seawater. The main mixed species in the system (C 2 H 5 ) 2 Sn 2+ -XMP (see Table 4) is the (11-1) species…”

Thermodynamic and spectroscopic study for the interaction of dimethyltin(IV) with L–cysteine in aqueous solution

“…This work represents a further step in our systematic investigations on the speciation of mono-, di-and tri-methyltin(IV) cations and their interactions with several carboxylic ligands in aqueous solution [22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30]. In this paper we give a complete picture of the thiolic group influence on the interaction of dimethyltin(IV) cation with cys by determining thermodynamic parameters by potentiometric and calorimetric measurements, describing the speciation in aqueous solution and confirming findings by spectroscopic (UV and 1 H NMR) investigations.…”

The Protonation of Polyacrylate in Seawater. Analysis of Concentration Effects

“…In some previous papers we reported several thermodynamic data on LMW polycarboxylates 5,[19][20] , polyamines 8 , aminoacids [6][7] , inorganic polyanions [28][29][30] and HMW polycarboxylates 17,18,20,23,[31][32][33][34][35][36] in synthetic seawater and other ionic media, by studying also the dependence of protonation and formation constants on temperature, ionic media, ionic strength and molecular weight [35][36] . Results were also collected in a book chapter 21 , which includes also data about the dependence on salinity of hydrolysis constants of metal and organometal cations [37][38][39][40] . In principle, acid-base properties of weak acid or base in mixed electrolyte can be derived from the ones obtained in simple electrolyte solutions, using appropriate models.…”