Inorganics distribution in bio oils and char produced by biomass fast pyrolysis: The key role of aerosols

Jendoubi, Naoufel; Broust, François; Commandré, Jean-Michel; Mauviel, Guillain; Sardin, M.; Lédé, Jacques

doi:10.1016/j.jaap.2011.04.007

Cited by 88 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…After pyrolysis, the majority of inorganic materials present in native biomass remain as solid ash residue. In this work, the amount of inorganic material found in the ash after pyrolysis was greater than 88 % of the inorganic material in the feed, which is consistent with the literature . The presence of inorganic material within the cellulose feed increased the char yield from approximately 2 % to 20 % (Figure ).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…The presence of inorganic material within the cellulose feed increased the char yield from approximately 2 % to 20 % (Figure ). Inorganic materials from biomass typically exhibit extremely low volatilities (

P_{C a l c i u m}^{s a t}

(500 °C)<10 −3 Torr), yet they are observed in quenched bio‐oils . In other nonreactive systems, such as the bubbling and churning of the ocean, aerosols have been shown to transport nonvolatile salts to the atmosphere by both jet and film aerosol mechanisms .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although these reactions have been shown to be important during the aging process of bio‐oil, they do not explain nonvolatile products observed in the gas phase . Additionally, this mechanism does not explain the gas‐phase transfer of inorganic materials that have negligible vapor pressures but are often observed in condensed pyrolysis products…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Spontaneous Aerosol Ejection: Origin of Inorganic Particles in Biomass Pyrolysis

et al. 2016

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At high thermal flux and temperatures of approximately 500 °C, lignocellulosic biomass transforms to a reactive liquid intermediate before evaporating to condensable bio-oil for downstream upgrading to renewable fuels and chemicals. However, the existence of a fraction of nonvolatile compounds in condensed bio-oil diminishes the product quality and, in the case of inorganic materials, catalyzes undesirable aging reactions within bio-oil. In this study, ablative pyrolysis of crystalline cellulose was evaluated, with and without doped calcium, for the generation of inorganic-transporting aerosols by reactive boiling ejection from liquid intermediate cellulose. Aerosols were characterized by laser diffraction light scattering, inductively coupled plasma spectroscopy, and high-speed photography. Pyrolysis product fractionation revealed that approximately 3 % of the initial feed (both organic and inorganic) was transported to the gas phase as aerosols. Large bubble-to-aerosol size ratios and visualization of significant late-time ejections in the pyrolyzing cellulose suggest the formation of film bubbles in addition to the previously discovered jet formation mechanism.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

P_{C a l c i u m}^{s a t}

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Spontaneous Aerosol Ejection: Origin of Inorganic Particles in Biomass Pyrolysis

et al. 2016

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“…19,20,27,28 Gas-phase HDO prior to condensation would help to optimize heat integration of the process and reduce problems of feeding the reactive liquid bio-oils.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrodeoxygenation of Guaiacol, A Surrogate of Lignin Pyrolysis Vapors, Over Iron Based Catalysts: Kinetics and Modeling of the Lignin to Aromatics Integrated Process

et al. 2013

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Biosourced aromatics (BTX (benzene, toluene, xylene) and phenols) could be produced by lignin pyrolysis coupled with catalytic hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) of uncondensed pyrolysis vapors. Guaiacol is used as a model compound to study the catalytic HDO over Fe/SiO 2 catalyst. Experiments were conducted in a fixed bed reactor operated at 673 K (1 atm) with a gas mixture (guaiacol, H 2 , H 2 O, CO, CO 2 ) that mimics the real gas composition from lignin pyrolysis. Fe/SiO 2 catalyst was shown to be selective for guaiacol HDO into benzene and phenols because it does not catalyze the aromatic ring hydrogenation. Major and minor products are modeled by a semidetailed kinetic mechanism. A deactivation law is also determined. The kinetic model is then included in an Aspen Plus model of lignin to BTX process. Aspen Plus model handles (1) pyrolysis of lignin, including char, oligomers, gases and aromatic yields, (2) catalytic conversion of aromatics by the kinetic model, (3) heat exchangers, and (4) BTX vapors recovery by scrubbing with 1-methyl-naphthalene. Mass and carbon balances, heat demand, and selectivity in desired products are given for the overall process. The effect of gas dilution from pyrolysis reactor on BTX losses, heat demand, and scrubbing solvent flow rate is highlighted. High carrier gas flow rates (as required for biomass pyrolysis in fluidized bed) lead to the entrainment of fines and oligomers, dilute the products, and impact considerably the process intensification.

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“…On se rend compte aussi que la proportion de gaz incondensable produit ne varie pratiquement pas lorsqu'on passe de la torréfaction à la pyrolyse. Les chiffres de la littérature nous montrent que l'on obtient par exemple pour la biomasse 12% de char, 75% d'huiles et 14% de gaz lors de la pyrolyse à 500°C (lit fluidisé) du bois de hêtre ; ces chiffres passent à 22%, 47% et 14% respectivement lorsqu'il s'agit de résidus agricoles (paille de blé) dans les mêmes conditions (Jendoubi et al 2012). Du point de vue énergétique, on remarque que 21%, 75% et 4% d'énergie se retrouvent respectivement dans le char, les huiles et les gaz incondensables pour ce qui est du procédé de pyrolyse à 450°C.…”

Section: Bilan Matière Et éNergieunclassified

Caractérisation et traitement thermochimique des coques d’anacarde en vue de leur valorisation énergétique dans les procédés de transformation artisanale de noix de cajou

Tagutchou¹,

Naquin²

2012

Environnement, Ingénierie &Amp; Développement

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RéSUMéL'utilisation du bois et du gaz naturel pour couvrir les besoins énergétiques dans les procédés de transformation des noix de cajou a un impact négatif sur l'environnement. Les coques issues du décorticage des noix sont imbibées de CNSL et nécessitent un traitement intermédiaire avant leur valorisation énergétique. Les petites unités de transformations au Burkina-Faso font face à cette problématique liée au déficit de réponse technique dans leur contexte. L'objectif de cette étude vise donc à caractériser les coques d'anacarde et proposer des voies de valorisation possibles. Après une caractérisa-tion initiale des coques, une étude thermochimique comparée a été réalisée dans des conditions de torréfaction (250°C) et de pyrolyse (450°C). Les résultats des tests réalisés montrent que le traitement thermochimique permet d'obtenir trois types de produits : solide (char), liquide (huile ou fraction condensable des gaz) et gazeux (gaz incondensable), dans des proportions et qualité relativement différentes selon la température opératoire. A 250°C (resp. 450°C), on produit 48,5% (resp. 17,0%) de char à 25,6 MJ/kg (resp. 27,2 MJ/kg) de PCI et 13,8% (resp. 47,5%) d'huile. Les PCI des huiles produites sont presque similaires et se situent au-dessus de 36 MJ/kg, avoisinant ainsi ceux des produits pétroliers. Sous réserve de l'analyse des fumées émises lors de la combustion de ces produits, le traitement thermochimique en conditions anoxiques semble donc être une option intéressante pour valoriser les coques d'anacarde.

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Inorganics distribution in bio oils and char produced by biomass fast pyrolysis: The key role of aerosols

Cited by 88 publications

References 15 publications

Spontaneous Aerosol Ejection: Origin of Inorganic Particles in Biomass Pyrolysis

Spontaneous Aerosol Ejection: Origin of Inorganic Particles in Biomass Pyrolysis

Hydrodeoxygenation of Guaiacol, A Surrogate of Lignin Pyrolysis Vapors, Over Iron Based Catalysts: Kinetics and Modeling of the Lignin to Aromatics Integrated Process

Caractérisation et traitement thermochimique des coques d’anacarde en vue de leur valorisation énergétique dans les procédés de transformation artisanale de noix de cajou

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