InP-based long wavelength VCSELs: their characteristics and applications

Nishiyama, N.; Caneau, C.; Sauer, Matthias; Kobyakov, A.; Zah, Chung−En

doi:10.1117/12.754338

Cited by 4 publications

References 13 publications

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Inhomogeneous Current Injection and Filamentary Lasing of Semipolar (2021¯) Blue GaN‐Based Vertical‐Cavity Surface‐Emitting Lasers with Buried Tunnel Junctions

Kearns

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Palmquist

et al. 2019

Physica Status Solidi (a)

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Blue semipolar vertical‐cavity surface‐emitting lasers with a buried tunnel junction current aperture are demonstrated under continuous‐wave operation with a differential efficiency of 4% and a threshold current of 2.7 mA for a lasing mode at 452 nm. The effects of the aperture diameter on these 9λ cavity length devices are presented, showing that the differential efficiency increases with aperture size, whereas the threshold current density remains constant for apertures larger than 10 μm. Filamentary lasing is observed in the larger aperture sizes, and it is suggested that this mode behavior is due to current injection inhomogeneity across the aperture. This theory is supported by the correlation between optical nearfield images and thermal microscopy images.

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Inhomogeneous Current Injection and Filamentary Lasing of Semipolar (2021¯) Blue GaN‐Based Vertical‐Cavity Surface‐Emitting Lasers with Buried Tunnel Junctions

Kearns

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Palmquist

et al. 2019

Physica Status Solidi (a)

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Single-Mode VCSELs

Larsson

Gustavsson

2012

Springer Series in Optical Sciences

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The only active transverse mode in a truly single-mode VCSEL is the fundamental mode with a near Gaussian field distribution. A single-mode VCSEL produces a light beam of higher spectral purity, higher degree of coherence and lower divergence than a multimode VCSEL and the beam can be more precisely shaped and focused to a smaller spot. Such beam properties are required in many applications. In this chapter, after discussing applications of single-mode VCSELs, we introduce the basics of fields and modes in VCSELs and review designs implemented for singlemode emission from VCSELs in different materials and at different wavelengths. This includes VCSELs that are inherently single-mode as well as inherently multimode VCSELs where higher-order modes are suppressed by mode selective gain or loss. In each case we present the current state-of-the-art and discuss pros and cons. At the end, a specific example with experimental results is provided and, as a summary, the most promising designs based on current technologies are identified. IntroductionThe vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) is an attractive light source for an expanding range of applications. Due to low cost manufacturing, low power consumption, simplified packaging, attractive beam properties (circular and low divergence beam) and excellent high-speed modulation characteristics at low currents, it has replaced the edge-emitting laser in short-reach optical communication links

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Advances in VCSELs for Communication and Sensing

Larsson

2011

IEEE J. Select. Topics Quantum Electron.

241

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InP-based long wavelength VCSELs: their characteristics and applications

Cited by 4 publications

References 13 publications

Inhomogeneous Current Injection and Filamentary Lasing of Semipolar (2021¯) Blue GaN‐Based Vertical‐Cavity Surface‐Emitting Lasers with Buried Tunnel Junctions

Inhomogeneous Current Injection and Filamentary Lasing of Semipolar (2021¯) Blue GaN‐Based Vertical‐Cavity Surface‐Emitting Lasers with Buried Tunnel Junctions

Single-Mode VCSELs

Advances in VCSELs for Communication and Sensing

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