Input of Orexin/Hypocretin Neurons Revealed by a Genetically Encoded Tracer in Mice

Sakurai, Takeshi; Nagata, Ruby; Yamanaka, Akihiro; Kawamura, Hiroko; Tsujino, Natsuko; Muraki, Yo; Kageyama, Haruaki; Kunita, Satoshi; Takahashi, Satoru; Goto, Katsutoshi; Koyama, Yoshimasa; Shioda, Seiji; Yanagisawa, Masashi

doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2005.04.029

Cited by 80 publications

(154 citation statements)

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“…On the one hand, in mice, it has been demonstrated that orexin A neurons receive input from olfactory cortex areas, such as the tenia tecta (Figure 1B; Sakurai et al, 2005). On the other hand, in rats, it has been demonstrated that orexin neurons send projections to the olfactory cortex and OB (Figure 1B; Peyron et al, 1998).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(C) This synthetic representation, even though incomplete, reveals the complexity of the putative interactions between olfaction and hypothalamic areas. (1 = Yoon et al, 2005; 2 = Boehm et al, 2005; 3, 6 = Yoshida et al, 2006; 4 = Sakurai et al, 2005; 5 = Peyron et al, 1998; 6 = Elias et al, 1998). ACN, amygdaloïd cortical nucleus; AON, anterior olfactory nucleus; ARC, arcuate nucleus; DMH, dorso medial nucleus of the hypothalamus; EBOP, extra bulbar olfactory pathway; EC, entorhinal cortex; LH, lateral hypothalamus; NT, nervus terminalis; OB, olfactory bulb; OE, olfactory epithelium; OT, olfactory tubercle; Pir, cortex piriform; POA, preoptic area; PVN, paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus; TT, tenia tecta; VMH, ventro medial nucleus of the hypothalamus.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Many studies have demonstrated that it could act by modulating olfactory sensitivity according to satiety (Aimé et al, 2007; Julliard et al, 2007; Prud’homme et al, 2009, for review: Palouzier-Paulignan et al, 2012). The cytological, connectional (Hahn and Swanson, 2010, 2012), immunohistological, and molecular (Peyron et al, 1998; Sakurai et al, 2005; Swanson et al, 2005) characterization of the lateral hypothalamus (LH) has already been performed. These studies suggest the existence of a functional loop between olfactory centers and the hypothalamus, which could explain the modulation of olfaction depending on energy balance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These studies suggest the existence of a functional loop between olfactory centers and the hypothalamus, which could explain the modulation of olfaction depending on energy balance. Unfortunately, inputs that project to orexin neurons have been shown in mice (Sakurai et al, 2005), while the LH orexin neuron projections to the OB have been shown in rats (Peyron et al, 1998; Nambu et al, 1999). Showing the existence of synaptic output from LH orexin neurons to the OB is a prerequisite to validate the reality of this loop in mice.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hypothalamus-Olfactory System Crosstalk: Orexin A Immunostaining in Mice

Gadrey¹,

Lemoine²,

Rigault³

et al. 2012

Front. Neuroanat.

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It is well known that olfaction influences food intake, and conversely, that an individual’s nutritional status modulates olfactory sensitivity. However, what is still poorly understood is the neuronal correlate of this relationship, as well as the connections between the olfactory bulb and the hypothalamus. The goal of this report is to analyze the relationship between the olfactory bulb and hypothalamus, focusing on orexin A immunostaining, a hypothalamic neuropeptide that is thought to play a role in states of sleep/wakefulness. Interestingly, orexin A has also been described as a food intake stimulator. Such an effect may be due in part to the stimulation of the olfactory bulbar pathway. In rats, orexin positive cells are concentrated strictly in the lateral hypothalamus, while their projections invade nearly the entire brain including the olfactory system. Therefore, orexin appears to be a good candidate to play a pivotal role in connecting olfactory and hypothalamic pathways. So far, orexin has been described in rats, however, there is still a lack of information concerning its expression in the brains of adult and developing mice. In this context, we revisited the orexin A pattern in adult and developing mice using immunohistological methods and confocal microscopy. Besides minor differences, orexin A immunostaining in mice shares many features with those observed in rats. In the olfactory bulb, even though there are few orexin projections, they reach all the different layers of the olfactory bulb. In contrast to the presence of orexin projections in the main olfactory bulb, almost none have been found in the accessory olfactory bulb. The developmental expression of orexin A supports the hypothesis that orexin expression only appears post-natally.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Hypothalamus-Olfactory System Crosstalk: Orexin A Immunostaining in Mice

Gadrey¹,

Lemoine²,

Rigault³

et al. 2012

Front. Neuroanat.

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“…The internalization mechanism of the fusion protein appears to be different from the one of the holotetanus toxin, as it is differentially affected by external calcium and depolarization (Roux et al, 2005). When the expression of GFP-TTC was induced in CNS neurons, immunoreactivity for the fusion protein was observed in the presynaptic membrane, as well as in the cytoplasm of synaptic boutons and was transported back to the cell body of the presynaptic neurons Maskos et al, 2002;Sakurai et al, 2005;Sano et al, 2007). Further studies are needed to evaluate whether the interneuronal pathway used by GFP-TTC can be compared to the muscle-to-motoneuron one.…”

Section: Research In Systems Neurosciencementioning

confidence: 99%

Dorsal horn neurons presynaptic to lamina I spinoparabrachial neurons revealed by transynaptic labeling

Cordero-Erausquin

Allard

Dolique

et al. 2009

J of Comparative Neurology

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Sensory input to supraspinally projecting lamina I (LI) neurons arises both directly from primary afferents and via neurons intrinsic to the spinal dorsal horn. The types of neurons presynaptic to those projection neurons remain poorly known. To address this question we used retrogradely transported adenoviral vectors encoding green fluorescent protein (GFP) and a GFP-TTC (fragment C of the tetanus toxin) fusion protein, labeling respectively spinoparabrachial projection neurons and neurons presynaptic to them. The expression of GFP by infected neurons labeled the entire dendritic tree, enabling a more complete and quantitative morphological description of spinoparabrachial neurons than previous methods. These neurons were located in spinal LI, with dendritic arbors oriented extensively in the rostrocaudal axis (1,089.8 +/- 91.5 microm) and displaying low spine density. In contrast, their dendrites did not extend significantly ventrally (29.2 +/- 3.5 microm). The use of transynaptic tracer GFP-TTC revealed a population of local circuit LI neurons presynaptic to LI projection neurons. These local circuit LI neurons had distinct morphological properties, in particular significantly longer ventrally oriented dendrites (80.1 +/- 10.1 microm). The transynaptic tracer also revealed a population of stalked cells, some being highly spiny, directly in contact with spinal projection neurons. However, stalked cells were not the only lamina II cells in direct contact with projection neurons. Intracellular injections with Lucifer yellow in parasagittal slices of fixed tissue confirmed the above observations. Overall, these experiments demonstrated that neurons projecting to the parabrachial nucleus had their dendritic branching almost exclusively in LI and had sparse dendritic spines, in contrast with local circuit neurons that often extended ventrally and could be very spiny.

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Expression of the M₃Muscarinic Receptor on Orexin Neurons that Project to the Rostral Ventrolateral Medulla

Dai

Lee

Chen

et al. 2016

The Anatomical Record

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Activation of central cholinergic receptors causes a pressor response in rats, and the hypothalamus is important for this response. Projections from hypothalamic orexin neurons to the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM) are involved in sympatho-excitation of the cardiovascular system. A small population of orexin neurons is regulated by cholinergic inputs through M 3 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (M 3 R). To elucidate whether the M 3 R on orexin neurons is involved in cardiosympathetic regulation through the RVLM, we examined the presence of the M 3 R on retrograde-labeled RVLM-projecting orexin neurons. The retrograde tracer was unilaterally injected into the RVLM. Within the hypothalamus, retrograde-labeled neurons were located predominantly ipsilateral to the injection side. In the anterior hypothalamus (21.5 to 22.3 mm to the bregma), retrograde-labeled neurons were densely distributed in the paraventricular nuclei and scattered in the retrochiasmatic area. At 22.3 to 23.5 mm from the bregma, labeled neurons were located in the regions where orexin neurons were situated, that is, the tuberal lateral hypothalamic area, perifornical area, and dorsomedial nuclei. Very few retrograde-labeled neurons were observed in the hypothalamus at 23.5 to 24.5 mm from the bregma. About 19.5% 6 1.6% of RVLM-projecting neurons in the tuberal hypothalamus were orexinergic. The M 3 R was present on 18.7% 6 3.0% of RVLM-projecting orexin neurons. Injection of a muscarinic agonist, oxotremorine, in the perifornical area resulted in a pressor response, which was attenuated by a pretreatment of atropine. We conclude that cholinergic inputs to orexin neurons may be involved in cardiosympathetic regulation through the M 3 R on the orexin neurons that directly project to the RVLM. Anat Rec,

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Input of Orexin/Hypocretin Neurons Revealed by a Genetically Encoded Tracer in Mice

Cited by 80 publications

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Hypothalamus-Olfactory System Crosstalk: Orexin A Immunostaining in Mice

Hypothalamus-Olfactory System Crosstalk: Orexin A Immunostaining in Mice

Dorsal horn neurons presynaptic to lamina I spinoparabrachial neurons revealed by transynaptic labeling

Expression of the M₃Muscarinic Receptor on Orexin Neurons that Project to the Rostral Ventrolateral Medulla

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Input of Orexin/Hypocretin Neurons Revealed by a Genetically Encoded Tracer in Mice

Cited by 80 publications

References 0 publications

Hypothalamus-Olfactory System Crosstalk: Orexin A Immunostaining in Mice

Hypothalamus-Olfactory System Crosstalk: Orexin A Immunostaining in Mice

Dorsal horn neurons presynaptic to lamina I spinoparabrachial neurons revealed by transynaptic labeling

Expression of the M3Muscarinic Receptor on Orexin Neurons that Project to the Rostral Ventrolateral Medulla

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Expression of the M₃Muscarinic Receptor on Orexin Neurons that Project to the Rostral Ventrolateral Medulla