Input/Output Logics

Makinson, David; Torre, Leendert van der

doi:10.1023/a:1004748624537

Cited by 228 publications

(264 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Reified Input/Output logic merges Input/Output logic [24], a well-known formalism in Deontic Logic (i.e., a logic that expresses concepts like permissions, obligations, prohibitions), with the First Order Logic (FOL) for NLS proposed by [18], which is grounded on the concept of reification.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Towards Legal Compliance by Correlating Standards and Laws with a Semi-automated Methodology

Bartolini

Giurgiu

Lenzini

et al. 2017

Communications in Computer and Information Science

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Abstract. Since generally legal regulations do not provide clear parameters to determine when their requirements are met, achieving legal compliance is not trivial. The adoption of standards could help create an argument of compliance in favour of the implementing party, provided there is a clear correspondence between the provisions of a specific standard and the regulation's requirements. However, identifying such correspondences is a complex process which is complicated further by the fact that the established correlations may be overridden in time e.g., because newer court decisions change the interpretation of certain legal provisions. To help solve these problems, we present a framework that supports legal experts in recognizing correlations between provisions in a standard and requirements in a given law. The framework relies on state-of-the-art Natural Language Semantics techniques to process the linguistic terms of the two documents, and maintains a knowledge base of the logic representations of the terms, together with their defeasible correlations, both formal and substantive. An application of the framework is shown by comparing a provision of the European General Data Protection Regulation with the ISO/IEC 27018:2014 standard.

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Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On the other hand, Input/Output logic [24] is a well-known formalism in deontic logic, grounded on norm-based semantics. Norm-based semantics has been proposed as an alternative to deontic frameworks based on possible-world semantics, such as STIT logic [20] and dynamic deontic logic [27].…”

Section: Reification and Input/output Logicmentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards Legal Compliance by Correlating Standards and Laws with a Semi-automated Methodology

Bartolini

Giurgiu

Lenzini

et al. 2017

Communications in Computer and Information Science

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…An ordered pair of formulas is derivable from a set O iff (a, x) is in the least set that extends O ∪ {( , )} and is closed under a number of derivation rules. The following are the rules used by [12] to define out 1 to out 4 :…”

Section: Input/output Logicmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Proposition control game, as a variant of Boolean game [10,4], is a class of games based on propositional logic. Input/output logic [12] appears as one of the new achievements in deontic logic in recent years [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Logic and Games for Ethical Agents in Normative Multi-agent Systems

Sun

Robaldo

2016

Multi-Agent Systems and Agreement Technologies

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Abstract. In this paper we study how to characterize ethical agents in normative multi-agent systems. We adopt a proposition control game together with input/output logic. Norms create the normative status of strategies. Agents' preference in proposition control games are changed by the normative status of strategies. We distinguish four ethical types of agents: moral, amoral, negatively impartial and positively impartial. Agents of different ethical types use different input/output systems and different procedures to change their preference. Preference changes induce normative proposition control games and notions like normative Nash equilibrium are then introduced. We study some complexity issues related to normative reasoning/status and normative Nash equilibrium.

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“…For example, inspired by Tarski's definition of deductive systems, Alchourrón and Bulygin [1] introduce normative systems with as inputs factual descriptions and as output obligatory and permitted situations. For counts-as conditionals and institutional constraints we adapt a proposal of Jones and Sergot [14], and for obligations and permissions we adapt the input/output logic framework of Makinson and van der Torre [17]. Moreover, we use Searle's distinction between regulative and constitutive norms [21], and brute and institutional facts.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Logical Architecture of a Normative System

Boella

Torre

2006

Deontic Logic and Artificial Normative Systems

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Abstract. Logical architectures combine several logics into a more complex logical system. In this paper we study a logical architecture using input/output operations corresponding to the functionality of logical components. We illustrate how the architectural approach can be used to develop a logic of a normative system based on logics of counts-as conditionals, institutional constraints, obligations and permissions. In this example we adapt for counts-as conditionals and institutional constraints a proposal of Jones and Sergot, and for obligations and permissions we adapt the input/output logic framework of Makinson and van der Torre. We use our architecture to study logical relations among counts-as conditionals, institutional constraints, obligations and permissions. We show that in our logical architecture the combined system of counts-as conditionals and institutional constraints reduces to the logic of institutional constraints, which again reduces to an expression in the underlying base logic. Counts-as conditionals and institutional constraints are defined as a pre-processing step for the regulative norms. Permissions are defined as exceptions to obligations and their interaction is characterized.

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Input/Output Logics

Cited by 228 publications

References 3 publications

Towards Legal Compliance by Correlating Standards and Laws with a Semi-automated Methodology

Towards Legal Compliance by Correlating Standards and Laws with a Semi-automated Methodology

Logic and Games for Ethical Agents in Normative Multi-agent Systems

A Logical Architecture of a Normative System

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