In this paper, we develop data-based methods to analyze the characteristics of linear discrete-time systems, which have unknown parameter matrices. These characteristics include output controllability, asymptotic stability of the equilibrium point, bounded-input boundedstate stability, and bounded-input bounded-output stability. Our methods only use measured state and output data to verify the system properties. They are direct analysis methods and do not need to identify the unknown parameter matrices. These data-based methods not only can avoid identification errors, but also have lower computational complexity than traditional model-based analysis approaches.