“…Research in the field of giftedness has supported the idea that good curriculum and instruction for gifted students should be challenging. Researchers have suggested methods for challenging gifted students, such as use of advanced materials and objectives (Foust, Hertberg-Davis, & Callahan, 2008); expectation of idea generation and creativity (Hunsaker, 2005;McAllister & Plourde, 2008); application of advanced criteria for success (Gross & van, 2005); complexity of ideas (Coleman, 2014;Koichu & Berman, 2005); a variety of approaches to learning and expressing learning (Cheng, Lam, & Chan, 2008;Mioduser & Betzer, 2008); open-endedness (Treffinger & Isaksen, 2005); multifaceted-ness of tasks (Housand & Reis, 2008;Volk, 2006); expectation of transformation of information and ideas (Hill, 2013;Morisano & Shore, 2010); depth and complexity of studies (VanTassel-Baska, 2005;Williams, 2005); a focus on ethical dilemmas and currently unsolved problems in a field of study (Rooks & Maker;VanTassel-Baska, 2008); use of multiple abstractions (McAllister & Plourde, 2008;VanTassel-Baska & Wood, 2010); reconciling divergent points of view on topics and issues (Daniel, 2007;Treffinger & Isaksen, 2005); and developing advanced skills in self-direction (Maker & Schiever, 2010;Tomlinson, 2005). However, the task for teachers and practitioners to find a teaching model involving all or most of these suggestions has seemed onerous (Maker, Alhusaini, Zimmerman, Pease, Schiever, & Whitford, 2014).…”