Insatisfação com a imagem corporal e fatores associados em adolescentes

Abstract

Resumo O objetivo do estudo foi examinar os fatores associados a insatisfação com a imagem corporal (IIC) em adolescentes. Estudo transversal com estudantes de duas escolas públicas e quatro escolas privadas da região metropolitana do Rio de Janeiro. A IIC foi avaliada pela Escala de Silhuetas Corporais, pela diferença entre a imagem que percebem como a sua atual e a que gostariam de ter. A associação foi investigada por meio de regressão logística multinomial hierarquizada, estimando-se as odds ratios (OR) e intervalos de confiança de 95% (IC95%). Entre os 1.019 adolescentes avaliados (13 a 19 anos), 75,0% apresentaram IIC, 41,4% desejando ter silhueta menor e 33,7% desejando ter silhueta maior do que a auto percebida. O desejo de ter uma silhueta menor foi maior nas meninas, naqueles que tinham padrão de refeição insatisfatório, com excesso de peso e perímetro da cintura elevado. A exposição a provocações por causa do corpo aumentou a chance para desejar silhuetas menores e maiores. Evidencia-se a necessidade de estratégias para uma percepção mais positiva da imagem corporal, principalmente para meninas e jovens com excesso de peso, que orientem sobre consumo adequado de refeições e para prevenção de exposição a provocações pelos pares, valorizando a convivência e o bem estar frente às diferenças corporais existentes.

Body image dissatisfaction and symptoms of depression disorder in adolescents

“…The results suggest that girls were more affected by this aspect, since they were more prevalent in the dissatisfied due to overweight category, and boys were more dissatisfied due to thinness. This could be a reflex of different vulnerability by sex (27) to the patterns imposed by media and cultural ideals (28) of higher appreciation of a thin female body and a muscular male body (27). Chen et al (29) showed that female adolescents have a higher level of BID.…”

“…Therefore, it would be expected that body image has a higher effect in depression among these groups. As a result of perception of body changes that occur during adolescence, girls, mainly before the age of 19, could become more vulnerable to negative perceptions of body image as they are exposed to the current ideal of beauty (27), when noticing that such patterns do not correspond to their real body shape (28). The ''ideal thin body'' is difficult to achieve, thus leading mainly girls to frustrating efforts to change their body shape through, for example, restrictive diets.…”

“…Thus, the findings of the present study may be explained by the fact that adolescents with excess body mass present more chances of being socially marginalized (4). They could be more exposed to bullying due to the characteristics that differentiate them from others, especially due to overweight (27). Depressive symptoms could be more associated with body image distortion among those (4).…”

“…Thus, there is a significant need for treatment to reduce BID in those that suffer from depression and overweight. BID can have long-lasting consequences, such as the development of eating disorders like anorexia and bulimia nervosa, besides the adoption of unhealthy practices and lifestyles (1), such as inadequate compensatory methods of weight control, like self-induced vomiting (34), restrictive diets, exaggerated practice of physical activities, abusive use of laxatives and diuretics, anabolic steroids, and unnecessary plastic surgeries (27,35).…”

Sodium Divalproate in Low Alternating Daily Doses for Migraine Prevention: A Retrospective Study

“…However, the studies were conducted basically in United States, therefore possibly impairing conclusions in relation to other patients and populations. In Brazil, physical fitness, especially among women from the Southeast region, is a critical issue . Gaining weight is not an accepted consequence and some patients do report preferring the headache than becoming fat …”