Insect allies—Assessment of a viral approach to plant genome editing

Pfeifer, Kevin; Frieß, Johannes L.; Giese, Bernd

doi:10.1002/ieam.4577

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 74 publications

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“…While their effectiveness may differ from case to case (especially in regard to SDN-2 and SDN-3 processes), these applications include a wide range of food plant species and livestock, and also nondomesticated species including trees and other plants, insects, vertebrates and microorganisms, thus extending across all domains of life [overview in : 5, 38, 39]. Several specific NGT applications are designed for use in wild populations, including gene drives (SDN-3) [52,53] and the intended release of genetically engineered viruses, also including so-called Horizontal Environmental Genetic Alteration Agents (HEGAA) [54,55]. Many of the species targeted by NGT applications also have the potential to persist and spread over longer periods of time without effective control.…”

Section: E) Wide Range Of Species and Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The need for assessment of risks arising from interactions between NGT organisms from an EU perspective

Koller¹,

Schulz²,

Juhas³

et al. 2023

Environ Sci Eur

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Background New genomic techniques (NGTs) allow new genotypes and traits to be developed in different ways and with different outcomes compared to previous genetic engineering methods or conventional breeding (including non-targeted mutagenesis). EU GMO regulation requires an assessment of their direct and indirect effects that may be immediate, delayed or cumulative. Such effects may also result from the interactions of NGT organisms simultaneously present in a shared receiving environment or emerge from a combination of their traits. This review elaborates such potential interactions based on a literature review and reasoned scenarios to identify possible pathways to harm. Main findings NGT organisms might be introduced into the environment and food chains on a large-scale, involving many traits, across a broad range of species and within short periods of time. Unavoidably, this would increase the likelihood that direct or indirect effects will occur through interactions between NGT organisms that are, for example simultaneously present within a shared environment. It has to be assumed that the cumulative effects of these NGT organisms may exceed the sum of risks identified in the distinct ‘events’. Consequently, risk assessors and risk managers not only need to consider the risks associated with individual NGT organisms (‘events’), but should also take account of risks resulting from their potential interactions and combinatorial effects. In addition, a prospective technology assessment could help the risk manager in defining criteria to minimize potential unintended interactions between NGT organisms through limiting the scale of releases. Conclusions If genetically engineered (GE) organisms derived from NGTs are released into the environment, their potentially negative impacts need to be minimized. As with all GE organisms, it is, therefore, crucial to not only assess the risks of the individual events, but also their potential interactions which can trigger direct and indirect effects with adverse impacts. It is necessary to develop hypotheses and specific scenarios to explore interactions between NGT organisms and possible pathways to harm from the perspective of the precautionary principle. In addition, the introduction prospective technology assessment could provide an instrument for the risk manager to control the scale of releases of NGT organisms.

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Section: E) Wide Range Of Species and Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The need for assessment of risks arising from interactions between NGT organisms from an EU perspective

Koller¹,

Schulz²,

Juhas³

et al. 2023

Environ Sci Eur

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show abstract

“…Scientific methods and robust criteria for assessing technologies have been developed within TA, and they are also suitable for GMO assessment by government agencies (see, e.g., Simonis 2013). Some approaches have already been used in the BA of synthetic biology (Rehbinder et al 2009;Sauter et al 2015;Engelhard et al 2016), new self-replicating genetic constructs like gene drives or so-called Horizontal Environmental Genetic Alteration Agents (HEGAA) (Reeves et al 2018;Frieß et al 2019;Pfeifer et al 2022).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Frieß et al (2019) andPfeifer et al (2022), we have presented such a characterisation for new GMO techniques. Here, technology characterisation focuses on (a) the depth of technological intervention to estimate hazard and exposure potential, (b) the intensity of the intervention, (c) the reliability of the technology, and (d) its corrigibility (which for GMOs includes retrievability).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Structured analysis of broader GMO impacts inspired by technology assessment to inform policy decisions

Dassler,

Myhr,

Lalyer

et al. 2023

Agric Hum Values

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If genetically modified organisms (GMOs) are approved in the EU for experimental release or marketing authorization (placing on the market), a risk assessment (RA) is carried out beforehand to determine whether this may be associated with negative effects on human health, nature or the environment. Applications are reviewed by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) and the national Competent Authorities of the Member States. However, the potential ramifications of the GMOs that are systematically addressed in the current RA context are limited. Broader consideration can include environmental and health aspects beyond the scope of the statutory RA, as well as societal, ethical and cultural impacts. These other levels of impact may be considered during the comitology process of authorisation, but how this is done is typically not made explicit in a systematic way. However, with the dynamic developments of new kinds of GMOs, these considerations as well as transparency regarding the role of broader considerations in political decision-making become more and more relevant. Against this backdrop, we identified the requirements and suggest the main elements for such a broader assessment. We use insights from the field of Technology Assessment (TA) to explore the requirements for operationalising a rapid but still systematic, transparent and broad case-by-case GMO assessment compatible with the existing legislative framework.

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Food for thought: Assessing the consumer welfare impacts of deploying irreversible, landscape-scale biotechnologies

Jones,

Brown

2023

Food Policy

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Insect allies—Assessment of a viral approach to plant genome editing

Cited by 5 publications

References 74 publications

The need for assessment of risks arising from interactions between NGT organisms from an EU perspective

The need for assessment of risks arising from interactions between NGT organisms from an EU perspective

Structured analysis of broader GMO impacts inspired by technology assessment to inform policy decisions

Food for thought: Assessing the consumer welfare impacts of deploying irreversible, landscape-scale biotechnologies

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