Insect cells for human food

Verkerk, Michelle; Tramper, J.; Trijp, J.C.M. van; Martens, Dirk E.

doi:10.1016/j.biotechadv.2006.11.004

Cited by 184 publications

(136 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…If animal proteind supply a part of the total diet, the protein quality of the diet is generally enhanced because most animal proteins contain the essential amino acids (cysteine, histidine, isoleucine, methionine, leucine, lysine, phenylalanine, methionine, tryptophan, tyrosine and valine) humans require in the diet, whereas most plant proteins lack one or more of these essential amino acids. Also, in contrast to plants, animals contain a greater percentage of protein because of their lower water content, a fact which allows humans to consume a smaller quantity for the same food value [23] . In addition to supplying the highest quality of protein, animal foods are rich sources of the B vitamins whereas some plant foods are deficient in these factors [14] .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition to supplying the highest quality of protein, animal foods are rich sources of the B vitamins whereas some plant foods are deficient in these factors [14] . Because the body's need for protein is related to its rate of growth, the need for protein is much greater in infants than in older children or adults [23] . There seems to be little disagreement among scientists that protein malnutrition contributes to the high death rate among infants and children of the less developed countries and causes among the survivors debilitating weakness, higher susceptibility to disease and irreversible brain damage [20,23] .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Because the body's need for protein is related to its rate of growth, the need for protein is much greater in infants than in older children or adults [23] . There seems to be little disagreement among scientists that protein malnutrition contributes to the high death rate among infants and children of the less developed countries and causes among the survivors debilitating weakness, higher susceptibility to disease and irreversible brain damage [20,23] . The higher quality of animal protein, as compared to plant protein [23] , justifies man's efforts to maintain animal production as a source of protein for human consumption.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There seems to be little disagreement among scientists that protein malnutrition contributes to the high death rate among infants and children of the less developed countries and causes among the survivors debilitating weakness, higher susceptibility to disease and irreversible brain damage [20,23] . The higher quality of animal protein, as compared to plant protein [23] , justifies man's efforts to maintain animal production as a source of protein for human consumption. However, since livestock lose over 90% of the protein and calories in the feed material they eat, we should shift our emphasis to those animals (insects) that are most efficient in the conversion of their food into nutritional meat [14] .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Careful production, processing and marketing procedures would make insects as acceptable as the FPC, SCP and SBP. This will, however, require substantial innovation in food production and processing technologies [19,22,23] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Black Cutworm as a Potential Human Food

Ghaly¹

2009

American J. of Biochemistry and Biotechnology

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Problem statement: The black cutworms (Agrotis ipsilon) were grown in an artificial medium to evaluate their potential as a human food. Approach: The culture was started from moths and the life cycle and culture structure were evaluated. There was an initial adjustment period of 3 days during which the growth of the larvae was very slow. The size of the larvae increased reaching maximum weight and length after 23 days and then declined as the larvae entered the pupation stage. For an efficient production system, the larvae should be harvested after 21 days. The moisture content of the medium may present an important management problem for commercial production. Results: A system in which the eggs are separated from the adults and hatched in separate cages would alleviate the danger of losing the new larvae due to fungal disease. The high moisture content of the larvae (60%) could also cause handling and storage problems. Drying and grinding the larvae would reduce them to easily manageable forms and would improve their marketability as novel food. The moisture, ash, carbohydrate, protein and fat contents were, 13.4, 12.1, 7.5, 53.1 and 13.9% (dry basis), respectively. The larval time index (time to produced one gram) was 3.20 d g −1 weight. Considering the fact that a female moth produces 1200 eggs, the population time index is 3.90 min g −1 weight.Because the larvae seem to be a promising source of protein for human consumption, further research is required to evaluate their growth characteristics on low substrates. Conclusion: The research should also evaluate the quality of larval protein (amino acid profile) and other nutritional values such as vitamins and minerals. The effects of environmental parameters, such as temperature, relative humidity and CO 2 and heat production on food consumption and protein yield, should also be investigated. This information will aid in the design of an optimal production system of insect protein.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

The Black Cutworm as a Potential Human Food

Ghaly¹

2009

American J. of Biochemistry and Biotechnology

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Insect Cell Culture

Oers

Lynn²

2010

Encyclopedia of Life Sciences

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Insect cell cultures are widely used in studies on insect cell physiology, developmental biology and microbial pathology. In particular, insect cell culture is an indispensable tool for the study of insect viruses. The first continuously growing insect cell cultures were established from lepidopteran insects around 1960. Since then, more than 600 insect cell lines have been described from over 100 insect species, the majority from lepidopteran (moths) and dipteran (flies and mosquitoes) insects. Among these, the Drosophila S2, the Spodoptera frugiperda Sf9 and Trichoplusia ni High Five cell lines are used most widely. The latter two are susceptible to the baculovirus Autographa californica multiple capsid nucleopolyhedrovirus and are used for the expression of foreign genes, for example, for the production of subunit vaccines, to make proteins for functional analyses or crystallography and to produce gene delivery vectors for mammalian cells. Key Concepts: Insect cell cultures are a crucial tool in studying the pathology of insect viruses and human viruses vectored by insects. Insect cells can be grown serum free, at high density and in suspension cultures, allowing the application of bioreactors. Insect cell cultures are indispensable for the baculovirus expression system. Insect cells are important for the production of subunit vaccines. Insect cells are increasingly important to produce human vaccines and gene delivery vectors.

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AFM Identification of Beetle Exocuticle: Bouligand Structure and Nanofiber Anisotropic Elastic Properties

Yang

Zaheri

Gao

et al. 2016

Adv Funct Materials

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One of the common architectures in natural materials is the helicoidal (Bouligand) structure, where fiber layers twist around a helical screw. Despite the many studies that have shown the existence of Bouligand structures, methods for nanoscale structural characterization and identification of fiber mechanical properties remain to be developed. In this study, we used the exocuticle of Cotinis mutabilis (a beetle in the Cetoniinae) as a model material to develop a new experimental‐theoretical methodology that combines atomic force microscopy‐based nanoindentation and anisotropic contact mechanics analysis. Using such methodology, we studied both the helicoidal structure and the mechanical properties of its constituent fibers. The twist angle between the layers was found to be in the range of 12°–18° with a pitch size of 220 nm for the helicoidal pattern. In addition, the constituent fiber diameter was measured to be approximately 20 nm, which is consistent with the fiber diameters found in helicoids of other arthropod species. The longitudinal, transverse, and shear modulus of the nanofiber were determined to be 710 MPa, 70 MPa, and 90 MPa, respectively. The established experimental‐theoretical methodology promises to be a useful tool for nanoscale characterization of helicoidal and other structures found in biological materials.

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Insect cells for human food

Cited by 184 publications

References 6 publications

The Black Cutworm as a Potential Human Food

The Black Cutworm as a Potential Human Food

Insect Cell Culture

AFM Identification of Beetle Exocuticle: Bouligand Structure and Nanofiber Anisotropic Elastic Properties

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