Insect Chemosterilants with Low Toxicity for Mammals

Abstract

Hexamethylphosphoramide and hexamethylmelamine are effective as male house fly chemosterilants. Both compounds are structurally similar to the two highly active sterilants tepa and tretamine, but they differ from the aziridinyl compounds in their low toxicity for mammals and in their lack of alkylating properties. This discovery of nonalkylating male sterilants of low toxicity should substantially increase the scope and practicality of the sterilemale control method.

Chromosome-breaking capacity of tepa and analogues in Vicia faba and Chinese hamster cells

“…However, higher doses of these are usually required compared to the di-and tri-functional alkylating agentk to obtain the same degree of sterilizing effect (BORKOVEC et al 1966;CRYSTAL 1966). Hempa is also active as an insect chemosterilant, although less effective than tepa (CHANG et al 1964;CHANG and BO~KOVEC 1966). It has an advantage over the highly active sterilant tepa in its low toxicity to mammals (CHANG et al 1964).…”

“…Hempa is also active as an insect chemosterilant, although less effective than tepa (CHANG et al 1964;CHANG and BO~KOVEC 1966). It has an advantage over the highly active sterilant tepa in its low toxicity to mammals (CHANG et al 1964). CHANC and BoRKovfc (1966) have tested the same difunctional agents with carbon chains of varying length for their sterilizing effect on male house flies, Muscu domesficu L. The sterilizing effect decreased with increasing length of the carbon chain in the alkyl group, except for the isopropyl compound which was a more effective chemosterilant than the ethyl compound.…”

Effects of Hexamethylphosphoramide on Rat Spermatogenesis and Fertility

“…Interstitial tissue appeared normal. (Mottram & Cramer, 1923) and there is other evidence in favour of a feed-back mechanism from the seminiferous epithelium to the pituitary (Johnsen, 1964;Lacy, 1967 (Chang & Borkovec, 1966 (Chang et al, 1964) or sterility in rats, raised the possibility that the action could be due to some metabolite. In fact, pentamethylphosphoramide, the major metabolite in the rat (Table 2).…”

Morphology of southern corn rootworm (Diabrotica undecimpunctata howardi) reproductive systems and their histochemistry in relation to apholate

“…More recently, two insect chemosterilants with low mammalian toxicity but lacking alkylating properties are under investigation (Chang et al, 1964). They are hexamethylphosphoramide (HMPA) and hexamethylmelamine (HMM) (Figure 11).…”