Insect grazing on Eucalyptus in response to variation in leaf tannins and nitrogen

Fox, Laurel R.; Macauley, B.J.

doi:10.1007/bf00345794

Cited by 305 publications

(161 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…However, eucalypt secondary compounds are thought to have little effect on paropsine feeding (Fox & Macauley, 1977;Morrow & Fox, 1980). That the fecundity and longevity of adult beetles, and larval survival, development time and subsequent pupal weight, was similar for adult and juvenile foliage further demonstrates that neither foliage type is nutritionally superior.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intra‐plant host selection, oviposition preference and larval survival of Chrysophtharta agricola (Chapuis) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Paropsini) between foliage types of a heterophyllous host

Nahrung¹,

Allen²

2003

Agri and Forest Entomology

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1 Paropsine chrysomelid beetles defoliate commercial eucalypt plantations in Australia. Adults and larvae feed on the same host, with the larval food source determined by the oviposition choice of females. Most eucalypt species are heterophyllous, with their foliage undergoing distinct morphological and chemical changes between adult and juvenile growth. 2 The intra-plant foliage feeding and oviposition preference adults and the larval development of Chrysophtharta agricola were examined using adult and juvenile foliage of a heterophyllous plantation species, Eucalyptus nitens. The foliage types differ in chemistry, toughness, waxiness and timing of production. 3 In the field, feeding damage caused by adult beetles was 15% more frequent on adult foliage than on juvenile foliage; however, egg batches were three times more common on juvenile than on adult foliage. 4 Oviposition preference for juvenile foliage over adult foliage was confirmed in choice trials in the laboratory, with adult fecundity and longevity not significantly different between foliage types. 5 Larval survival, development time and subsequent pupal weight were also unaffected by foliage type, suggesting that neither foliage type is nutritionally superior for adults or for larvae. However, adult foliage was significantly thicker than juvenile foliage and this may prove a physical constraint to larval establishment. Biotic and abiotic factors (including interactions with natural enemies, competition, microclimate and mate location) that may affect patterns of host plant utilization are discussed.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intra‐plant host selection, oviposition preference and larval survival of Chrysophtharta agricola (Chapuis) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Paropsini) between foliage types of a heterophyllous host

Nahrung¹,

Allen²

2003

Agri and Forest Entomology

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“…In general, low N content in leaves makes them unattractive to herbivores (Fox & Macauley, 1977 ;McNeil & Southwood, 1978). At very low N contents, in sclerophyllous leaves, herbivory is limited to those animals that have evolved special digestive strategies (i.e.…”

Section: Nutritional Unattractiveness From Low Nutrient Contentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biotic and abiotic consequences of differences in leaf structure

1999

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Both within and between species, leaves of plants display wide ranges in structural features. These features include : gross investments of carbon and nitrogen substrates (e.g. leaf mass per unit area) ; stomatal density, distribution between adaxial and abaxial surfaces, and aperture ; internal and external optical scattering structures ; defensive structures, such as trichomes and spines ; and defensive compounds, including UV screens, antifeedants, toxins, and silica abrasives. I offer a synthesis of selected publications, including some of my own. A unifying theme is the adaptive value of expressing certain structural features, posed as metabolic costs and benefits, for (1) competitive acquisition and use of abiotic resources (such as water, light and nitrogen) and (2) regulation of biotic interactions, particularly fungal attack and herbivory. Both acclimatory responses in one plant and adaptations over evolutionary time scales are covered where possible. The ubiquity of trade-offs in function is a recurrent theme ; this helps to explain diversity in solutions to the same environmental challenges but poses problems for investigators to uncover numerous important trade-offs. I offer some suggestions for research, such as on the need for models that integrate biotic and abiotic effects (these must be highly focused), and some speculations, such as on the intensity of selection pressures for these structures.

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“…A adaptação dessas pragas às espécies do gênero Eucalyptus fica evidenciada porque, mesmo possuindo em sua composição grande quantidade de compostos de defesa, principalmente óleos essenciais (Fox & Macauley, 1977), essas plantas sofrem desfolhas periódicas causadas por esses insetos (Santos et al, 2000).…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Adaptação de Thyrinteina arnobia em novo hospedeiro e defesa induzida por herbívoros em eucalipto

Holtz

Oliveira

Pallini

et al. 2003

Pesq. agropec. bras.

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Resumo O sistema de defesa induzido de plantas é ativado quando herbívoros se alimentam das mesmas. Alternativamente, herbívoros podem se adaptar a espécies de plantas filogeneticamente pró-ximas ao seu hospedeiro de origem. O objetivo deste trabalho foi comparar o desenvolvimento de Thyrinteina arnobia em plantas de goiaba (hospedeiro de origem) e de eucalipto (hospedeiro novo) em campo. Adicionalmente, estudou-se a biologia deste inseto em laboratório fornecendo folhas de eucalipto previamente danificadas por lagartas de T. arnobia e folhas sem danos. A sobrevivência larval em eucalipto, 78,00%, foi superior à de goiaba, 29,33%. O ciclo larval foi de 27,90 dias em goiaba e de 30,30 dias em eucalipto. Em testes de laboratório, o ciclo larval em eucalipto limpo, 36,39 dias, foi maior do que em eucalipto danificado, 32,89 dias. A mortalidade larval em eucalipto danificado foi de 30,00% e de 10,00% em eucalipto limpo. Os resultados indicam que a goiaba não é um bom hospedeiro para T. arnobia possivelmente por apresentar um sistema mais efetivo de defesa. Embora o eucalipto possa ser um hospedeiro mais favorável ao desenvolvimento e estabelecimento do inseto, pode também reduzir populações do herbívoro ativando o seu sistema de defesa induzido.Termos para indexação: mortalidade larval, goiaba. Adaptation of Thyrinteina arnobia to a new host and herbivore induced defense in eucalyptusAbstract The induced defense system of plants is activated when herbivorous start to injury plants. Alternatively, herbivores may adapt to plants that are phylogenetically close to their original host. This work aimed at comparing the life history of Thyrinteina arnobia on guava plants (origin host) with eucalyptus (the new host) in the field. The biology of the insect in the laboratory on both eucalyptus leaves previously injured by the caterpillars of T. arnobia and on clean leaves was also studied. In the field, the larvae survivorship of T. arnobia on eucalyptus was 78.00% and on guava was 29.33%. The larvae cycle was 27.90 days on guava and 30.30 days on eucalyptus. At the laboratory, tests showed that the larvae cycle on clean eucalyptus leaves lasted 36.39 days while on previously injured leaves, only 32.89 days. The larvae mortality on injured eucalyptus leaves was 30.00%, and 10.00% on clean leaves. The results indicate that guava plants are not a suitable host for T. arnobia probably due to a more effective defense system. Although the eucalyptus may be a better host, it can also reduce the herbivore population by activating its herbivore induced defense system. Index terms: larval mortality, guava.(1) Aceito para publicação em 22 de janeiro de 2003. E-mail: aholtz@insecta.ufv.br, hamilton@insecta.ufv.br, pallini@ufv.br, zanuncio@ufv.br, claudinei@insecta.ufv.br (3) UFV, Dep. de Biologia Animal, Setor de Entomologia. Bolsista do CNPq. E-mail: janne@insecta.ufv.br IntroduçãoAs interações tróficas entre planta e insetos herbívoros são importantes na determinação, distribuição e ocorrência dos organismos em ecossistema natura...

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Insect grazing on Eucalyptus in response to variation in leaf tannins and nitrogen

Cited by 305 publications

References 35 publications

Intra‐plant host selection, oviposition preference and larval survival of Chrysophtharta agricola (Chapuis) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Paropsini) between foliage types of a heterophyllous host

Intra‐plant host selection, oviposition preference and larval survival of Chrysophtharta agricola (Chapuis) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Paropsini) between foliage types of a heterophyllous host

Biotic and abiotic consequences of differences in leaf structure

Adaptação de Thyrinteina arnobia em novo hospedeiro e defesa induzida por herbívoros em eucalipto

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