Insect Hormones

Highnam, K.C.

doi:10.1677/joe.0.0390123

Cited by 32 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 90 publications

(136 reference statements)

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“…In this fly, out of a total of 26 PF-positive neurosecretory cells, only eight are PAVB-positive. It is also possible that the stainable protein in the a-cells of Pheretima is the "neurophysine" which acts as the carrier for the actual peptide hormones (Highnam, 1967;Scharrer, 1967).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Studies in situ on the neurosecretory system of the earthworm, Pheretima posthuma

Dogra

1968

Journal of Zoology

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The neurosecretory system of the earthworm, Pheretima posthuma, has been studied by PF, PATh and PAVB bulk‐stained preparations and sections. There are three types (a, b and c) of neurosecretory cells in the cerebral ganglion, suboesophageal ganglion and the nerve cord ganglia. Axons of a‐ and b‐cells are observed in toto in the cerebral and the suboesophageal ganglions. The axons are short and their axonal ends are bulb‐like. While the axons of the neurosecretory cells of the cerebral ganglion remain directed ventrally, those of the suboesophageal ganglion converge in a small area. This area has been considered as the neurohaemal organ, but of an elementary type. In the cerebral ganglion b‐cells exhibit a vacuolated cytoplasm. Vacuoles of varying size and number have been observed in those cells whose perikarya are loaded heavily with NSM. The vacuoles and the associated neurosecretory material extrude from the cell after rupturing the cell wall and the released material, associated with the vacuoles, is observed in the form of discrete bodies between the neurosecretory cells. After traversing the intercellular spaces the NSM accumulates on the ventral surface of the cerebral ganglion and some material is found to extend towards the suboesophageal ganglion, via the circumoesophageal connectives. It is suggested that a part of the NSM is absorbed into the blood vessels in the region of the cerebral ganglion and the remainder in the region of the suboesophageal ganglion; but the mechanism by which the liberated material is absorbed in the blood has not been determined. Thus in Pheretima there are two neurosecretory pathways—intracellular and intercellular—for the transportation of NSM elaborated by the perikaryon.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Studies in situ on the neurosecretory system of the earthworm, Pheretima posthuma

Dogra

1968

Journal of Zoology

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“…The quality and the quantity of the food consumed affect the rate of insect development and the number of larval moults. It is evident that such extrinsic factors also modify the activity of the neuroendocrine system (S harrer, 1965;Highnam, 1967;Wigglesworth, 1970;Jones et aL, 1981).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Joint effects of temperature, food quality, and season on the development of the cerambycid Morimus funereus under laboratory conditions

Stanić

Janković-Hladni

Ivanović

et al. 1989

Entomologia Exp Applicata

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The effects of constant temperature (23 °C), food quality (B, natural diet i.e. powdered oak bark; B + C, natural diet enriched with powdered sweet crackers) and season on larval development of the cerambycid Morimus funereus L. were studied. The temperature of 23 °C exerted an unfavourable effect on larvae collected from oak stumps in September and bred on B; i.e. the larvae died within 30 days. When the larvae consumed B + C the unfavourable effect of temperature was abolished and the larvae increased their weight by 543%, 897% and 1179% in 1, 2 and 3 months, respectively. Newly hatched summer‐ and winter‐larvae developed successfully on B + C, while all the winter‐larvae died within 40 days on B. Larvae of an identical parentage hatched in different phases of the annual cycle and showed seasonal differences in the rate of development and survival when reared on B + C at 23 °C. The fastest development and the highest survival rate were observed in larvae which emerged in early‐ and midsummer, whereas the slowest development and the lowest survival rate were in those hatched in late summer. The synchronized seasonal changes of adults and their offspring, as expressed at different levels of biological organization, suggest the existence of an endogenous annual rhythm which is dependent upon the expression of different genes in the course of the annual cycle. Résumé Effects combinés au laboratoire de la température, de la qualité de l'aliment et de la saison sur le développement du cérambycide, Morinus funereus L'étude a porté sur les effets d'une température constante (23 °C), de la qualité de l'aliment, ‐B = aliment naturel, c'est‐à‐dire de l'écorce de chêne pulvérisée; B + C = aliment naturel enrichi avec de la poudre de biscuits sucrés –, et de la saison sur le développement larvaire de M. funereus L. La température de 23 °C a été défavorable aux larves récoltées en septembre dans des souches de chênes et élevées sur aliment B: les larves étaient mortes en 30 jours. Avec aliment B + C, l'effet défavorable a été neutralisé et le poids des larves augmenté de 543%, 897% et 1179% en 1, 2 et 3 mois. Des larves néonates d'été ou d'hiver se sont bien développées sur B + C, mais toutes les larves d'hiver étaient mortes sur B en 40 j. Des larves de mêmes parents, écloses à différentes époques de l'année, ont présenté des différences saisonnières du taux de survie et de la vitesse de développement lors de leur élevage à 23 °C sur B + C. Le développement le plus rapide et la meilleure survie ont été obtenus avec des larves écloses au début ou au milieu de l'été; tandis que le développement le plus lent et la plus mauvaise survie ont été obtenus avec les larves écloses à la fin de l'été. Les changements saisonniers synchrones des adultes et de leurs descendants, exprimés à différents niveaux d'organisation biologique, suggèrent l'existence d'un rythme annuel endogène qui dépend de l'expression de différents gènes au cours du cycle annuel.

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“…The research on neurosecretory neurons shows that the presence of large agglomerations of neurosecretion is related to its retention in the cytoplasm (Thomsen, 1965;Scharer & Weitzman, 1970). The presence of small agglomerations of neu rosecretion points to a faster release from the neurons (Highnam, 1967;Illyinskaya, 1968;Kind, 1968). Table 1.…”

Section: The Activity Of the Neurosecretory Neuronsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A possible role for the dorsolateral protocerebral neurosecretory neurons in the trophic adaptations of Lymantria dispar (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae)

Perić-Mataruga¹,

Lazarević²,

Nenadovic³

2001

Eur. J. Entomol.

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Abstract. The activity and number of protocerebral neurosecretory neurons ofthe dorsolateral group (L1, L2 and L2'), as well as the size of the corpora allata were investigated in 5th instar larvae of the gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar) from two populations (oak and locust-tree forests) fed one of two host-plants (oak is a suitable and locust-tree an unsuitable host-plant).The monitoring of activity related cytological parameters and the number of protocerebral dorsolateral neurosecretory neurons revealed that differently adapted populations respond to nutritive stress differently. The activity of the L1 neurosecretory neurons in the protocerebra of the caterpillars is low in those from the locust-tree forest regardless of host-plant quality. The L2 neurosecretory neurons in the oak population become active when they were fed the unsuitable host-plant whereas their activity was high in locusttree caterpillars regardless of the host-plant. A decrease in the number of neurosecretory neurons in a response to a novel food was noticed in both populations. The activity of the L2' neurosecretory neurons was similar in all caterpillars, but their number was increased in those from the locust-tree forest. The corpora allata of the locust-tree caterpillars were large whereas those of the oak forest caterpillars only increased in size when they were fed locust-tree leaves.It is obvious that nutritive stress results in neurosecretory reorganization and changes in the titre of hormones that modulate the morphogenetic programme.

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Insect Hormones

Cited by 32 publications

References 90 publications

Studies in situ on the neurosecretory system of the earthworm, Pheretima posthuma

Studies in situ on the neurosecretory system of the earthworm, Pheretima posthuma

Joint effects of temperature, food quality, and season on the development of the cerambycid Morimus funereus under laboratory conditions

A possible role for the dorsolateral protocerebral neurosecretory neurons in the trophic adaptations of Lymantria dispar (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae)

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