Insect iron binding proteins: Insights from the genomes

Dunkov, Boris C.; Georgieva, Teodora

doi:10.1016/j.ibmb.2006.01.007

Cited by 89 publications

(110 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…The growth factor activity of ferritin described here is reminiscent of that of mammalian transferrin, which is also a secreted protein that is often supplemented as a growth factor for many mammalian cell lines [27,28]. However, whether and how transferrin functions in maintaining iron homeostasis in insects is unclear, and a homologue of mammalian transferrin receptor is not present in Drosophila and other insect genomes [22,29]. Future studies will shed light on how ferritin and transferrin function in concert to maintain iron homeostasis in Drosophila and other insects.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Identification of iron-loaded ferritin as an essential mitogen for cell proliferation and postembryonic development in Drosophila

2010

Cell Res

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Animal cells require extrinsic cues for growth, proliferation and survival. The propagation of Drosophila imaginal disc cells in vitro, for example, requires the supplementation of fly extract, the composition of which remains largely undefined. Here I report the biochemical purification of iron-loaded ferritin as an active ingredient of fly extract that is required for promoting the growth of clone 8 imaginal disc cells. Consistent with an essential role for ironloaded ferritin in cultured cells, overexpression of ferritin or addition of iron in a nutrient-poor diet increases animal viability and body weight, promotes cell proliferation, and shortens the duration of postembryonic development. Conversely, overexpression of dominant-negative ferritin or addition of iron chelator causes the opposite effects. Ferritin mutant flies arrest development at the first-instar larval stage with a severe starvation phenotype reminiscent of that seen in starved larvae. I conclude that iron-loaded ferritin acts as an essential mitogen for cell proliferation and postembryonic development in Drosophila by maintaining iron homeostasis and antagonizing starvation response.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Identification of iron-loaded ferritin as an essential mitogen for cell proliferation and postembryonic development in Drosophila

2010

Cell Res

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“…IDGFs are a family of growth factors related to chitinase enzymes that are required by Drosophila imaginal disc cells (Kawamura et al, 1999). Ferritins belong to a class of polymeric iron-binding proteins that sequester potentially toxic free iron and that are mainly involved in iron storage (Dunkov and Georgieva, 2006).…”

Section: Development Of In Vitro Reared Drone Larvaementioning

confidence: 99%

“…It belongs to a family of iron-binding proteins that -in contrast to ferritins -are entailed in iron transport. Moreover, transferrin mediates a number of vital reactions and appears to also play a role in defence reactions (Kucharski and Maleszka, 2003;Dunkov and Georgieva, 2006). Vitellogenin, a glycoprotein of approximately 200kDa, is present in the haemolymph of adult drones at very low concentrations and it is produced only between 3 and 14days after emergence (Fig.3A,C).…”

Section: Developmental-specific Expression Of Haemolymph Proteins In mentioning

confidence: 99%

Honey bee drones maintain humoral immune competence throughout all life stages in the absence of vitellogenin production

Gätschenberger

Gimple

Tautz

et al. 2012

Journal of Experimental Biology

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SUMMARYDrones are haploid male individuals whose major social function in honey bee colonies is to produce sperm and mate with a queen. In spite of their limited tasks, the vitality of drones is of utmost importance for the next generation. The immune competence of drones -as compared to worker bees -is largely unexplored. Hence, we studied humoral and cellular immune reactions of in vitro reared drone larvae and adult drones of different age upon artificial bacterial infection. Haemolymph samples were collected after aseptic and septic injury and subsequently employed for (1) the identification of immune-responsive peptides and/or proteins by qualitative proteomic analyses in combination with mass spectrometry and (2) the detection of antimicrobial activity by inhibition-zone assays. Drone larvae and adult drones responded with a strong humoral immune reaction upon bacterial challenge, as validated by the expression of small antimicrobial peptides. Young adult drones exhibited a broader spectrum of defence reactions than drone larvae. Distinct polypeptides including peptidoglycan recognition protein-S2 and lysozyme 2 were upregulated in immunized adult drones. Moreover, a pronounced nodulation reaction was observed in young drones upon bacterial challenge. Prophenoloxidase zymogen is present at an almost constant level in non-infected adult drones throughout the entire lifespan. All observed immune reactions in drones were expressed in the absence of significant amounts of vitellogenin. We conclude that drones -like worker bees -have the potential to activate multiple elements of the innate immune response. Supplementary material available online at

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“…Transferrins (Tfs) and ferritins make up the two major groups of IBPs (Dunkov and Georgieva, 2006, Harizanova et al, 2005, Winzerling and Pham, 2006. Vertebrate transferrins include diverse proteins such as serum Tfs, lactoferrin and ovotransferrin and regulate extracellular iron levels by their capacity to sequester two iron atoms.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular characterization of iron binding proteins from Glossina morsitans morsitans (Diptera: Glossinidae)

Strickler-Dinglasan

Güz

Attardo

et al. 2006

Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology

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The regulation of iron is critical for maintaining homeostasis in the tsetse fly (Diptera:Glossinidae), in which both adult sexes are strict blood feeders. We have characterized the cDNAs for two putative iron-binding proteins (IBP) involved in transport and storage; transferrin (GmmTsf1) and ferritin from Glossina morsitans morsitans. GmmTsf1 transcripts are detected in the female fat body and in adult reproductive tissues, and only in the adult developmental stage in a bloodmeal independent manner. In contrast, the ferritin heavy chain (GmmFer1HCH) and light chain (GmmFer2LCH) transcripts are expressed ubiquitously, suggesting a more general role for these proteins in iron transport and storage. Protein domain predictions for each IBP suggest both the conservation and loss of several motifs present in their vertebrate homologues. In concert with many other described insect transferrins, putative secreted GmmTsf1 maintains 3 of the 5 residues necessary for ironbinding in the N-terminal lobe, but exhibits a loss of this iron-binding ability in the C-terminal role as well as a loss of large sequence blocks. Both putative GmmFer1HCH and GmmFer2LCH proteins have signal peptides, similar to other insect ferritins. GmmFer2LCH has lost the 5'UTR ironresponsive element (IRE) and, thus, translation is no longer regulated by cellular iron levels. On the other hand, GmmFer1HCH maintains both the conserved ferroxidase center and the 5'UTR IRE; however, transcript variants suggest a more extensive regulatory mechanism for this subunit.

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Insect iron binding proteins: Insights from the genomes

Cited by 89 publications

References 63 publications

Identification of iron-loaded ferritin as an essential mitogen for cell proliferation and postembryonic development in Drosophila

Identification of iron-loaded ferritin as an essential mitogen for cell proliferation and postembryonic development in Drosophila

Honey bee drones maintain humoral immune competence throughout all life stages in the absence of vitellogenin production

Molecular characterization of iron binding proteins from Glossina morsitans morsitans (Diptera: Glossinidae)

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