INSECT PARASITES OF THE DARKSIDED CUTWORM, <i>EUXOA MESSORIA</i> (LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUIDAE), IN ONTARIO

Cheng, H. H.

doi:10.4039/ent109137-1

Cited by 14 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…The C . bakeri wasps that emerged from our army cutworms lived for up to 2 months in the laboratory when supplied with water and food (honey), which was considerably longer than the longevity of 12-20 days reported by Cheng (1977) and McMillan (1930). Nevertheless, even if the wasps can survive for a month or so in the field, those that emerge from army cutworms in June or early July must have great difficulty in finding suitable hosts.…”

mentioning

confidence: 62%

“…), also emerged a week or so later than moths of the host. However, March/April 1993 Cheng (1977) reported that, under field conditions, C. bakeri parasitizing the darksided cutworm, Euxoa messoria (Harr. ), emerged at about the same time as moths of the host.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previous studies of C . bakeri reported an average of 840 from redbacked cutworm (McMillan 1930), 1123 from darksided cutworm (Cheng 1977), and counts of 1065 and 1511 from two army cutworms (Snow 1925). Strand (19896) reported that 1000-1200 wasps of C. Jloridanum are usually produced from parasitized larvae of Pseudoplusia includens (Wlk.).…”

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confidence: 99%

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PARASITISM OF THE ARMY CUTWORM, EUXOA AUXILIARIS (GRT.) (LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUIDAE), BY COPIDOSOMA BAKERI (HOWARD) (HYMENOPTERA: ENCYRTIDAE) AND EFFECT ON CROP DAMAGE

Byers

Jones

1993

Can Entomol

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During an outbreak of army cutworm in southern Alberta in the spring of 1990, the overall incidence of parasitism by the polyembryonic parasitoid, Copidosoma bakeri (Howard), was 61% in samples from seven fields. The incidence of parasitism in samples of army cutworms collected on five dates from a single location, during the spring of 1991, increased from about 20% in the early samples to about 50% in the later samples. Cutworms parasitized by C. bakeri feed for a longer time than unparasitized ones; therefore estimates of the incidence of parasitism by C. bakeri, based on samples of late-instar cutworms, are misleadingly high. Parasitized cutworms also grow considerably larger than unparasitized ones and may have a supernumerary instar. Larger hosts support larger broods of C. bakeri and apparently a successful strategy of C. bakeri is to prolong host development so as to maximize an acquired resource. Because cutworms parasitized by C. bakeri feed more and longer than unparasitized cutworms, a high rate of parasitism can exacerbate crop damage and complicate control recommendations. The life cycles of army cutworm and C. bakeri are asynchronous and it is likely that high rates of parasitism are dependent on the presence of intermediary hosts.

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confidence: 62%

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confidence: 99%

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PARASITISM OF THE ARMY CUTWORM, EUXOA AUXILIARIS (GRT.) (LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUIDAE), BY COPIDOSOMA BAKERI (HOWARD) (HYMENOPTERA: ENCYRTIDAE) AND EFFECT ON CROP DAMAGE

Byers

Jones

1993

Can Entomol

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“…The moths migrate from the south in Kentucky around the end of April, and then migrate back to the south in mid‐October for the winter (Showers ). C. bakeri uses other host species as well, with which it generally produces smaller brood masses (see Snow ; Cheng ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The size‐number trade‐off in clonal broods of a parasitic wasp: responses to the amount and timing of resource availability

Saeki

Crowley

2012

Functional Ecology

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Summary1. Life-history traits that shift in response to environmental conditions are well studied; however, allocation patterns of traits in the context of a trade-off shifting with the environment are hardly examined. 2. Using a polyembryonic parasitoid wasp system, we revealed features of the plasticity in allocation by observing the trade-off outcome between individual body mass and the number of offspring in a wasp brood in response to different host conditions. 3. We manipulated food availability to the host caterpillar at two different phases of development: early host instars during wasp embryo division and late host instars after completion of wasp embryo division. The food manipulation allowed us to shift the rate of development and the total mass of the wasp brood both separately and together through altered host development time and final size. 4. With greater host mass, the trade-off relationship between wasp body mass and brood size shifted, to the same extent for both sexes, towards higher wasp brood size and individual body mass. On the other hand, with faster host development, the trait combinations shifted towards greater wasp body mass but smaller brood size along the same trade-off relationship. 5. These shifts indicate a reduction of wasp brood size when resource level is reduced late in host development. This adjustment yields wasp brood size and body mass in rough proportion to each other and positively related to resource availability late in development. 6. Our demonstration of simultaneous shifts in traits under the trade-off relationship indicates that wasp broods respond differently to the different environmental conditions by altering body mass and the number of wasp individuals, suggesting that the plastic response in the trade-off allocation pattern may be adaptive.

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“…It attacked the third and early fourth instar larvae of the darksided cutworm and killed the hosts in the sixth instar. The biology and the economic benefits of this species are given by Cheng (1977) under the name of Arenetra sp. Muesebeck et al (1951) list no host for the genus Arenetra .…”

Section: Apanteles Laeviceps Ashmeadmentioning

confidence: 99%

ADDITIONAL HYMENOPTEROUS PARASITES NEWLY RECORDED FROM THE DARKSIDED CUTWORM, EUXOA MESSORIA (LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUIDAE), IN ONTARIO

Cheng¹

1981

Can Entomol

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The author (1977) reported on 10 species of insect parasites that were reared from field-collected larvae or pupae of the darksided cutworm, Euxoa messoria (Harris), in Ontario. Of those, eight species had not been previously recorded from this host. During subsequent studies at Delhi, Ontario in 1976 and 1977, more than 3000 larvae of this cutworm were collected from rye and tobacco fields and reared in the laboratory, using methods previously described (Cheng 1977). From this work four more species of primary endoparasites were newly recorded, namely, Apanteles laeviceps Ashmead (Braconidae), Apanteles militaris Walsh (Braconidae), Campoletis sp. (Ichneumonidae), and Meteorus communis (Cresson) (Braconidae). Arenetra sp. reported in the earlier work appeared again and was determined to be A. rufipes vernalis Walley (Ichneumonidae).

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INSECT PARASITES OF THE DARKSIDED CUTWORM, EUXOA MESSORIA (LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUIDAE), IN ONTARIO

Cited by 14 publications

References 12 publications

PARASITISM OF THE ARMY CUTWORM, EUXOA AUXILIARIS (GRT.) (LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUIDAE), BY COPIDOSOMA BAKERI (HOWARD) (HYMENOPTERA: ENCYRTIDAE) AND EFFECT ON CROP DAMAGE

PARASITISM OF THE ARMY CUTWORM, EUXOA AUXILIARIS (GRT.) (LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUIDAE), BY COPIDOSOMA BAKERI (HOWARD) (HYMENOPTERA: ENCYRTIDAE) AND EFFECT ON CROP DAMAGE

The size‐number trade‐off in clonal broods of a parasitic wasp: responses to the amount and timing of resource availability

ADDITIONAL HYMENOPTEROUS PARASITES NEWLY RECORDED FROM THE DARKSIDED CUTWORM, EUXOA MESSORIA (LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUIDAE), IN ONTARIO

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