Insect Pests of Oilseed Rape Crops

Alford, D. V.; Nilsson, Christer; Ulber, B.

doi:10.1002/9780470750988.ch2

Cited by 137 publications

(207 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…On the 16th of July, the number of larvae in Ejby was negligible on both plant species, showing that the entire larval season had been monitored (Phyllotreta spp. have a single generation annually (Alford et al 2003), and the phenology found in our study matches earlier findings (Nielsen 1977) as well as observations elsewhere (Ulber and Williams 2003)). Note that since only leaves containing larvae were collected, no absolute host density could be determined.…”

Section: Parasitism Frequencysupporting

confidence: 93%

Detection of refuge from enemies through phenological mismatching in multitrophic interactions requires season-wide estimation of host abundance

Kerstes

Jong

2010

Evol Ecol

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The concept of ''enemy-free space'' (EFS) refers to ways of living that reduce or eliminate the vulnerability of a species to natural enemies. It has been invoked to explain host shifts of phytophagous insects. A demonstrated cause of EFS is escape from enemies in time, through phenological mismatching of herbivore development and enemy occurrence, leading to low percentages of predation/parasitism of herbivores occurring at a certain time. The mere measurement of percentage parasitism, however, is not sufficient to demonstrate EFS in certain cases. Here we present such a case, where parasitism was studied of a phytophagous insect (Phyllotreta nemorum), using two different host plant species in the field: an atypical, relatively rarely used, plant (Barbarea vulgaris), and a more widely used one (Sinapis arvensis). At one location we found a paradoxical result: on each separate sampling day throughout the season the percentage of parasitism of P. nemorum using a patch of B. vulgaris was not significantly different from, or even significantly higher than on a nearby patch of S. arvensis. The overall season-wide proportion parasitism of the flea beetle cohort using the B. vulgaris patch, however, was lower. We conclude that, in the year and at the location we studied, the patch of B. vulgaris provided enemy-free space to the herbivore in the form of a temporal refuge, and that the importance of enemy-free space in the use of an atypical host plant should be evaluated on the basis of season-wide sampling, including estimation of host population size.

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Section: Parasitism Frequencysupporting

confidence: 93%

Detection of refuge from enemies through phenological mismatching in multitrophic interactions requires season-wide estimation of host abundance

Kerstes

Jong

2010

Evol Ecol

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“…Research based on the optimization of chemical protection of rapeseed crops against M. aeneus has been conducted in recent years in most European countries, such as France, Great Britain, Sweden, Denmark, Germany, Poland, the Check Republic, Austria and Switzerland (Alford et al, 2003;Hansen, 2004). Węgorek et al (2009) recommended at least 3-5 chemical treatments to control M. aeneus in Poland, the first one at the plant development stage BBCH 51-54 using insecticides with chlorpyrifos as an active ingredient; the next one at the stage BBCH 55-59 using pyrethoid or neonicotinoid insecticides (e.g.…”

Section: Efficacy Testing Of Insecticides In 2010mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The pollen beetle Meligethes aeneus (F.) is a major pest of rapeseed crops all over the world (Hansen, 1996;Alford et al, 2003) and also in Serbia (Sekulić and Kereši, 2007;Milovanović, 2006Milovanović, , 2007Milovanović et al, 2008Milovanović et al, , 2011. M. aeneus adults injure rapeseed inflorescences by feeding, reducing considerably the crop's seed yield.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficacy of different insecticides in controlling pollen beetle (Meligetes aeneus F.) in rapeseed crop

Milovanović¹,

Kljajić

Andrić

et al. 2013

PESTIC PHYTOMED

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SuMMARYSince pollen beetle, M. aeneus, is usually controlled by insecticides, the efficacy of several compounds with different modes of action against adult beetles was studied in a threeyear field study. The selected insecticides were: three pyrethroids (lambda-cyhalothrin, alpha-cypermethrin and bifenthrin), an oganophosphate (pirimiphos-methyl), a combination of an organophosphate and a pyrethroid (chlorpyrifos + cypermethrin) and a neonicotinoid (thiacloprid). The insecticides were applied at label rates to winter rapeseed crops at the moment of visible but still closed flower buds . In all experiments, the efficacy of pyrethroids and the organophosphate ranged from 90-100%, while the efficacy of the neonicotinoid was 85-95%. Therefore, they can be recommended for control of pollen beetle in Serbia.

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“…In contrast, in the United Kingdom (UK), which is part of its native range (Blackman and Eastop 2000), B. brassicae is only considered as locally and occasionally damaging (Ellis et al 1999, Alford et al 2003.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Disentangling higher trophic level interactions in the cabbage aphid food web using high-throughput DNA sequencing

Lefort¹,

Wratten²,

Cusumano³

et al. 2017

Metabarcoding and Metagenomics

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The lack of understanding of complex food-web interactions has been a major gap in the history of biological control. In particular, a better understanding of the functioning of pest food-webs and how they vary between native and invaded geographical ranges is of prime interest for biological control research and associated integrated pest management. Technical limitations associated with the deciphering of complex food-webs can now be largely overcome by the use of high throughput DNA sequencing techniques such as Illumina MiSeq. We tested the efficiency of this next generation sequencing technology in a metabarcoding approach, to study aphid food-webs using the cabbage aphid as model. We compared the variations in structure and composition of aphid food-webs in the species' native range (United Kingdom, UK) and in an invaded range (New Zealand, NZ). We showed that Illumina MiSeq is a well suited technology to study complex aphid food-webs from aphid mummies. We found an unexpectedly high top down pressure in the NZ cabbage aphid food-web, which coupled to a large ratio of consumer species / prey ‡, § § species and a lack of potential inter-specific competition between primary parasitoids, could cause the NZ food-web to be more vulnerable than the UK one. This study also reports for the first time the occurrence of a new hyperparasitoid species in NZ, as well as new associations between hyperparasitoids parasitoids and the cabbage aphid in this country. We conclude that the complexity of aphid food-webs in agricultural systems could often be underestimated, particularly at higher trophic levels; and that the use of high throughput DNA sequencing tools, could largely help to overcome this impediment.

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Insect Pests of Oilseed Rape Crops

Cited by 137 publications

References 53 publications

Detection of refuge from enemies through phenological mismatching in multitrophic interactions requires season-wide estimation of host abundance

Detection of refuge from enemies through phenological mismatching in multitrophic interactions requires season-wide estimation of host abundance

Efficacy of different insecticides in controlling pollen beetle (Meligetes aeneus F.) in rapeseed crop

Disentangling higher trophic level interactions in the cabbage aphid food web using high-throughput DNA sequencing

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