Insect Physiological Ecology

Chown, Steven L.; Nicolson, Sue W.

doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198515494.001.0001

Cited by 663 publications

(406 citation statements)

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“…The variability and consistency of temperature fluctuations are important components that shape the thermal niches and habitats of insects. [392] Insects employ solutions to heat-regulation problems that span the scientific disciplines, ranging from biological controls (e.g., varying metabolic rate) to physical techniques (e.g., structural coloration (Section 6)) and chemical approaches (e.g., antifreeze protein synthesis).…”

Section: Thermal Sensing and Regulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

It's Not a Bug, It's a Feature: Functional Materials in Insects

2018

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Over the course of their wildly successful proliferation across the earth, the insects as a taxon have evolved enviable adaptations to their diverse habitats, which include adhesives, locomotor systems, hydrophobic surfaces, and sensors and actuators that transduce mechanical, acoustic, optical, thermal, and chemical signals. Insect‐inspired designs currently appear in a range of contexts, including antireflective coatings, optical displays, and computing algorithms. However, as over one million distinct and highly specialized species of insects have colonized nearly all habitable regions on the planet, they still provide a largely untapped pool of unique problem‐solving strategies. With the intent of providing materials scientists and engineers with a muse for the next generation of bioinspired materials, here, a selection of some of the most spectacular adaptations that insects have evolved is assembled and organized by function. The insects presented display dazzling optical properties as a result of natural photonic crystals, precise hierarchical patterns that span length scales from nanometers to millimeters, and formidable defense mechanisms that deploy an arsenal of chemical weaponry. Successful mimicry of these adaptations may facilitate technological solutions to as wide a range of problems as they solve in the insects that originated them.

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Section: Thermal Sensing and Regulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

It's Not a Bug, It's a Feature: Functional Materials in Insects

2018

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“…Temperature effects on ectotherm fitness, mediated through physiology, can generally be described by a thermal performance curve that rises, peaks, and then declines across a gradient of increasing temperature (Chown and Nicholson, 2004;Angilletta, 2009;Clissold and Simpson, 2015). The thermal performance curve reflects the range of temperatures (thermal window: Pörtner and Farrell, 2008) that organisms can tolerate and still survive and reproduce.…”

Section: Temperature Effects On Variablesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thermal performance is routinely measured in terms of metabolic rate-temperature relationships (e.g., Figure 1). But it can also be characterized in terms of other performance measures related to fitness such as locomotor behavior, growth rate, and offspring production (Kingsolver and Woods, 1997;Chown and Nicholson, 2004;Clissold and Simpson, 2015). While the exact temperature range of the thermal window will vary by species (Pörtner and Farrell, 2008), as well as the local thermal conditions faced by geographically separated populations of a species (e.g., , the general, qualitative features of the performance curve nonetheless can help conceptualize the interplay between temperature and predation stress.…”

Section: Temperature Effects On Variablesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A fundamental physiologic property (Chown and Nicholson, 2004) is that mass specific metabolic rate (R C ) of ectotherms will rise, peak and then decline with increasing temperature (Figure 1). Experimental research has shown that predation stress can exacerbate R C across the temperature gradient (Culler et al, 2014;Schmitz et al, 2016).…”

Section: Temperature Effects On Variablesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Experimental research has shown that predation stress can exacerbate R C across the temperature gradient (Culler et al, 2014;Schmitz et al, 2016). Mass specific ingestion rate may follow a similar nonlinear trend across a temperature range Woods, 1997, 1998;Chown and Nicholson, 2004), whereas assimilation efficiency A C might be approximated as a linearly increasing function of temperature (Culler et al, 2014;Clissold and Simpson, 2015;Schmitz et al, 2016). These empirical trends can be used to begin exploring how GGE C and TER C:X might vary with temperature.…”

Section: Temperature Effects On Variablesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Temperature Dependence of Predation Stress and Prey Nutritional Stoichiometry

Schmitz

Rosenblatt

2017

Front. Ecol. Evol.

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Prey at risk of predation may experience stress and respond physiologically by altering their metabolic rates. Theory predicts that such physiological changes should alter prey nutrient demands from N-rich to C-rich macronutrients and shift the balance between maintenance and growth/reproduction. Theory further suggests that for ectotherms temperature stands to exacerbate this stress. But the behavior of many prey species facing perceived predation risk is the opposite of these predictions, consuming more N-rich resources. Here we revisit the original Threshold Elemental Ratio (TER) theoretical framework that inspired the idea of shifts in elemental (C:N) stoichiometry in response to chronic predation stress to reconcile the different prey responses. We examine the interactive effects of predation stress and temperature stress by exploring mathematically how the component physiological variables that determine TER vary individually with temperature. These functional relationships are then embedded into the equation for TER to predict how C and N intake should vary with and without predation stress across temperature gradients. This new theory reconciles the different prey responses and explains why and when species ought to consume more N vs. more C when stressed by perceived predation, depending on the nature of their thermal performance with rising temperature. The theory also points to new ways to conduct experimental evaluations testing the temperature sensitivity of prey to predation stress.

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2012

The Evolutionary Strategies That Shape Ecosystems

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Insect Physiological Ecology

Cited by 663 publications

References 0 publications

It's Not a Bug, It's a Feature: Functional Materials in Insects

It's Not a Bug, It's a Feature: Functional Materials in Insects

The Temperature Dependence of Predation Stress and Prey Nutritional Stoichiometry

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