Insect Vector Transmission Assays

Bosco, Domenico; Tedeschi, Rosemarie

doi:10.1007/978-1-62703-089-2_7

Cited by 20 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…It has to be noted, that the screening of potential phytoplasma vectors, including phytoplasma DNA detection in field‐collected insects, provides indications on a possible role of the respective species in transmitting certain phytoplasmas. However, as phytoplasmas can be acquired by insect feeding without being transmitted to a new plant species, transmission assays using living insects are necessary to provide final proof for an insect species to be a vector of phytoplasmas (Bosco & Tedeschi, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preliminary survey on putative insect vectors for Rubus stunt phytoplasmas

Linck

Reineke

2019

J Applied Entomology

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Phytoplasmas are cell wall‐less phytopathogenic bacteria which are associated with a disease in Rubus species known as Rubus stunt. Symptoms range from stunting, witches’ broom, small leaves, short internodes, enlarged sepals, phyllody and flower proliferation to fruit malformations. Phytoplasmas can be spread by vegetative propagation and by phloem‐feeding insect vectors. However, little is known about the spectrum and distribution of putative Rubus stunt insect vectors. In this study, a screening of putative insect vectors of Rubus stunt in raspberry plantations in southern and northern Germany was carried out during two successive years (2014 and 2015) with multiple sampling dates throughout the growing seasons. A total of 2,891 hemipteran insects were sorted, identified to family, genus or species level when possible, and a subset of 319 DNA samples containing a sum of 932 selected individuals representing all identified species, sampling locations and sampling dates were tested for phytoplasma DNA using qPCR. Altogether, eight DNA samples were positive for phytoplasma DNA, among them species from the genera Euscelidius, Macrosteles, Euscelis, Anaceratagalliaand Psammotettix. These data will form the basis for choosing and timing appropriate control measures against Rubus stunt and also for potential insect vector transmission experiments.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preliminary survey on putative insect vectors for Rubus stunt phytoplasmas

Linck

Reineke

2019

J Applied Entomology

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“…There has been no evidence to date that SLF does transmit any plant disease, neither in Korea nor in the USA. Other planthoppers are known vectors of viruses and phytoplasmas, but these are distantly related, in other families (mainly Delphacidae and Cixiidae) . No Fulgoridae are known vectors; however, being largely tropical, not much is known about most fulgorid species.…”

Section: Key Gaps In Knowledge Hindering Slf Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Other planthoppers are known vectors of viruses and phytoplasmas, but these are distantly related, in other families (mainly Delphacidae and Cixiidae). 26 No Fulgoridae are known vectors; however, being largely tropical, not much is known about most fulgorid species. Whether SLF can mechanically transmit pathogens is also unknown.…”

Section: Key Gaps In Knowledge Hindering Slf Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perspective: shedding light on spotted lanternfly impacts in the USA

Urban

2019

Pest Management Science

120

164

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Spotted lanternfly (SLF), Lycorma delicatula (Hemiptera: Fulgoridae) is an invasive phloem‐feeding planthopper currently being quarantined in a 24 000 km2 area in eastern Pennsylvania, New Jersey, Maryland, and Delaware, with a second population under quarantine in a 46 km2 area in Virginia. Because this insect feeds on over 70 species of plants, it has the potential to impact a wide range of sectors, and as a result, there has been great public speculation that the economic impact of SLF could be severe. SLF is a large‐bodied voracious feeder that reduces plant resources directly by feeding, and indirectly, from sooty mold that grows on its excrement and blocks photosynthesis. SLF is causing severe damage to vineyards from feeding, and is a significant nuisance pest. It has high potential for spread via human‐mediated transport, particularly of egg cases, and may therefore significantly impact commerce in the near future. The ultimate impacts of this insect are not yet known, and will depend upon its longer term impacts on plant and tree health, and the extent to which its range expands. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry

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“…However, the vectors of many phytoplasmas have not been identified (Weintraub and Beanland, 2006; Krishnareddy, 2013). Methods for identifying vectors of phytoplasma are widely published (Howard, 1995a; Marzachi et al, 1998; Weintraub and Beanland, 2006; Weintraub and Wilson, 2010; Bertin and Bosco, 2013; Bosco and Tedeschi, 2013). A key issue is that because vectors need to have the ability not only to harbor the phytoplasma but also to re-transmit the phytoplasmas into another host plant, a positive PCR detection of phytoplasma in an insect does not mean that insect is a vector.…”

Section: Lethal Yellows Disease Pathosystemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coconut Lethal Yellowing Diseases: A Phytoplasma Threat to Palms of Global Economic and Social Significance

et al. 2016

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The recent discovery of Bogia coconut syndrome in Papua New Guinea (PNG) is the first report of a lethal yellowing disease (LYD) in Oceania. Numerous outbreaks of LYDs of coconut have been recorded in the Caribbean and Africa since the late Nineteenth century and have caused the death of millions of palms across several continents during the Twentieth century. Despite the severity of economic losses, it was only in the 1970s that the causes of LYDs were identified as phytoplasmas, a group of insect-transmitted bacteria associated with diseases in many other economically important crop species. Since the development of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technology, knowledge of LYDs epidemiology, ecology and vectors has grown rapidly. There is no economically viable treatment for LYDs and vector-based management is hampered by the fact that vectors have been positively identified in very few cases despite many attempted transmission trials. Some varieties and hybrids of coconut palm are known to be less susceptible to LYD but none are completely resistant. Optimal and current management of LYD is through strict quarantine, prompt detection and destruction of symptomatic palms, and replanting with less susceptible varieties or crop species. Advances in technology such as loop mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) for detection and tracking of phytoplasma DNA in plants and insects, remote sensing for identifying symptomatic palms, and the advent of clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-based tools for gene editing and plant breeding are likely to allow rapid progress in taxonomy as well as understanding and managing LYD phytoplasma pathosystems.

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Insect Vector Transmission Assays

Cited by 20 publications

References 25 publications

Preliminary survey on putative insect vectors for Rubus stunt phytoplasmas

Preliminary survey on putative insect vectors for Rubus stunt phytoplasmas

Perspective: shedding light on spotted lanternfly impacts in the USA

Coconut Lethal Yellowing Diseases: A Phytoplasma Threat to Palms of Global Economic and Social Significance

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