Insecticidal activity of the extract, fractions, and pure steroidal saponins of Trillium govanianumWall. ex D. Don for the control of diamondback moth (Plutella xylostellaL.) and aphid (Aphis craccivoraKoch)

Abstract

BACKGROUND Plutella xylostella L. is the major pest of crucifers globally, causing significant yield loss. Aphis craccivora Koch is the main sucking pest of legumes that transmit viral diseases, leading to economic yield reduction. To minimize loss due to pests, farmers/growers use synthetic insecticides frequently for their control, which led to insecticide resistance, detrimental to natural enemies of pest, environment, etc. Therefore, in this study, the insecticidal activity of plant extract, fractions, and pure steroidal saponins from Trillium govanianum was evaluated for their bio‐efficacy against targeted pests. RESULTS Parent extract was found more effective (LC50 = 1541.2 mg L−1) against larvae of P. xylostella after 96 h than n‐butanol, n‐hexane, and ethyl acetate fractions (LC50 = 3030, 3578 and 3878.1 mg L−1, respectively). For A. craccivora, ethyl acetate fraction (LC50 = 2186.3 mg L−1) was most effective after 96 h than n‐hexane fraction (LC50 = 2234.6 mg L−1), n‐butanol fraction (LC50 = 2696.3 mg L−1) and parent extract (LC50 = 3709.1 mg L−1). Among pure molecules, govanoside B was found more effective (76% mortality, LC50 = 3279.5 mg L−1) followed by borassoside E (74%, LC50 = 3467.1 mg L−1) against A. craccivora after 96 h. CONCLUSION Parent extract/fractions of T. govanianum showed promising efficacy against larvae of P. xylostella and A. craccivora. Further, field study is required for its bio‐efficacy against targeted pests for validation and formulation development.

Insecticidal and Enzyme Inhibition Activities of Leaf/Bark Extracts, Fractions, Seed Oil and Isolated Compounds from Triadica sebifera (L.) Small against Aphis craccivora Koch

“…Present results also confirm the findings of other reports, where the leaf n -hexane fraction of Ricinus communis showed 92–96% mortality against Sipha flava and Melanaphis sacchari [ 44 , 45 ]. Similarly, the ethyl acetate leaf fraction in the current study was also reported more promising (LC 50 = 367.75 mg/L) than the ethyl acetate fraction of Trillium govanianum (LC 50 = 2186.3 mg/L) against A. craccivora after 96 h [ 46 ].…”

“…Preliminary screening of leaf/bark extracts, fractions, SO, and compounds was carried out at higher concentrations (5000–10,000 mg/L) for their efficacy against nymphs of A. craccivora [ 46 , 57 ]. Based on preliminary data, 5–6 concentrations were prepared and evaluated against aphids in the final bioassay experiments.…”

The Toxicity of Eichhornia crassipes Fractionated Extracts against Aphis craccivora and Its Safety in Albino Rats

“…Moreover, the results of Zhou et al [ 40 ] revealed that plant derivatives of Dracocephalum integrifolium had a potential value against Aphis pomi . Extracts and fractions of Trillium govanianum indicate a promising insecticidal activity towards Plutella xylostella and Aphis craccivora larvae [ 41 ]. According to our data, the toxicity of AcF and EtF at different concentrations (60, 50, 40, 30, and 20 mg/L) AcF, and (100, 50, 40, 30, and 20 mg/L) for EtF for 24, 48, and 72 h, reflected that the lowest LC 50 value (39 mg/L) was for AcF after 72 h, and 42 mg/L for EtF.…”

Characterization of Triadica sebifera (L.) Small Extracts, Antifeedant Activities of Extracts, Fractions, Seed Oil and Isolated Compounds against Plutella xylostella (L.) and Their Effect on Detoxification Enzymes

“…Diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella L., is one of the most serious pests of cruciferous crops in India and the world that cause economic damage [ 1 , 2 ]. Synthetic insecticides are widely used for the control of P. xylostella all year round.…”