Insecticidal and repellent efficacy of the essential oil from Lobularia maritima and trans-3-pentenenitrile against insect pests of stored grains

Abstract

The essential oil from the aerial parts of Lobularia maritima was investigated for its chemical composition, and its repellent and insecticidal efficacy against the grain pests Callosobruchus maculatus, Tribolium castaneum and Sitophilus oryzae. A number of 41 compounds were identified by GC-MS from which azeleonitrile (39.7%), trans-3-pentenenitrile (36.3%) and 4-isothiocyanato-1-butene (10.9%) were the most abundant. A fumigant bioassay-guided fractionation of the essential oil constituents led to the isolation of trans-3-pentenenitrile. Its structure was confirmed by EI-MS and NMR techniques. Fumigant effect of the essential oil was strong (LC 50 = 7.48 μL/L) on C. maculatum and moderate on S. oryzae and T. castaneum (LC 50 = 35.37 and 59.94 μL/L, respectively). trans-3-pentenenitrile showed strong fumigant effect on the three pest species (LC 50 = 6.62-8.36 μL/L). Both the oil and trans-3-pentenenitrile showed strong contact effect with LD 50 values in the range 4.84-7.81 µg/adult. The oil showed a repellency of 100% on C. maculatus and S. oryzae at concentrations higher than 0.05 and 0.1 nL/cm 2 , respectively, and 93% against T. castaneum yet at 0.2 nL/cm 2 . trans-3-pentenenitrile also showed 100% repellency against C. maculatus (≥ 0.05 nL/cm 2 ), S. oryzae (≥ 0.15 nL/cm 2 ) and T. castaneum (0.2 nL/cm 2 ). The results in this study indicated that the essential oil of L. maritima is an important source of trans-3-pentenenitrile which can be used in the development of insecticidal agents against the three grain pests.

Exploring the chemical characterization and insecticidal activities of Curcuma angustifolia roxb. leaf essential oils against three major stored product insects

“…Percent repellency for red flour beetles was more than 50 % when applied at 0.5 mg/cm 2 compared to those repelled 90 % by C. angustifolia oil, even at a low concentration of 0.2 % ( Visakh et al, 2023 ). Similar results were also cited by Curcuma oils against diverse insect pests ( Saju et al, 1998 , Wang et al, 2020 ). Other scholars experienced repellency against various insect pests by essential oils extracted from different crops like Plectranthus scutellarioides , three Eucalyptus species against Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus , and cinnamon against cotton aphids.…”

Application of clove and dill oils as an alternative of salphos for chickpea food seed storage

“…It is also evident that a fungicide must be able to retain its activity for a long storage period. The fungitoxic factor in the oil of Adenocalyma allicea was lost within 21 day of storage 48 while retained for longer periods in the oils of Ageratum conyzoides 45 ; Trachyspermum ammi 41 ); Adhatoda vasica 42 Cuminum cyminum 25 , Tinospora cordifolia 47 , Lobularia maritime 49 , Cinnamomum cassia 50 . The antifungal Toxicity of mixture oil (Lavang and sowa leaf oil) was not affected by storage upto 150 days.…”

Evaluation of Halophyte Biopotential as an Unused Natural Resource: The Case of Lobularia maritima

“…In their study, Renkema and Smith [ 154 ] described a reduction in the number of attracted Drosophila suzukii flies to raspberries—most probably thanks to the presence of acetophenone and benzaldehyde among the volatiles of the plant. The repellent and insecticidal properties of the essential oil from L. maritima were also described by Wang and colleagues [ 155 ] in an assay with three-grain pests: Sitophilus oryzae , Tribolium castaneum , and Callosobruchus maculatus . Thanks to the presence of trans -3-pentenenitrile, a strong fumigant effect of the oil was observed especially against C. maculatus .…”