Insecticidal Potential of Clove Essential Oil and Its Constituents on Cacopsylla chinensis (Hemiptera: Psyllidae) in Laboratory and Field

Abstract

Cacopsylla chinensis (Yang and Li) (Hemiptera: Psyllidae) is an important pest of pear in China. As an alternative to conventional chemical pesticides, botanicals including essential oils and their constituents could provide an eco-friendly and nonhazardous control method. In this study, the essential oil of clove buds (Syzygium aromaticum) was obtained by hydrodistillation. Five constituents, accounting for 99.89% of the oil, were identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, and the major constituents were eugenol (88.61%) and eugenol acetate (8.89%), followed by β-caryophyllene (1.89%). In a laboratory bioassay, clove essential oil, commercial eugenol (99.00%) and β-caryophyllene (98.00%) exhibited strong contact toxicity against the summerform adults of C. chinensis with LD50 values of 0.730, 0.673, and 0.708 µg/adult, and against the nymphs with LD50 values of 1.795, 1.668, and 1.770 µg/nymph, respectively. In contrast, commercial eugenol acetate (98%) had LD50 values of 9.266 µg/adult and 9.942 µg/nymph. In a field trial, clove essential oil caused significant population reductions of 73.01% (4.80 mg/ml), 66.18% (2.40 mg/ml) and 46.56% (1.20 mg/ml), respectively. Our results demonstrated that clove essential oil and its constituents have potential as a source of natural insecticides.

Development of Natural Insect‐Repellent Loaded Halloysite Nanotubes and their Application to Food Packaging to Prevent Plodia interpunctella Infestation

“…In this study, the three major compounds of CO were found to be eugenol (61%), β‐caryophyllene (17.9%), and eugenol acetate (11.73%) by GC‐MS (Table ). This is in accordance with previous results published by Prashar and others () and Tian and others (). According to Chaieb and others (), the major components of CO are eugenol (88.58%), eugenol acetate (5.62%), and β‐caryophyllene (1.39%).…”

“…According to Chaieb and others (), the major components of CO are eugenol (88.58%), eugenol acetate (5.62%), and β‐caryophyllene (1.39%). In agreement with those measurements, Tian and others () reported that the major constituents of CO are eugenol (88.61%), eugenol acetate (8.89%), and β‐caryophyllene (1.89%). However, the exact chemical composition of CO was slightly different in different studies.…”

Myrtaceae Plant Essential Oils and their β-Triketone Components as Insecticides against Drosophila suzukii

“…Thymol is known to have contact toxicity against SWD with an LD 50 value of 1.73 µg/fly [ 11 ]. Although the contact toxicity of eugenol against SWD was not tested in this study, contact toxicity of eugenol against insect pests is well known [ 31 , 32 , 33 ]. Activity of thymol and eugenol may be attributed to the contact toxicity of allspice and clove bud, respectively.…”

Larvicidal Activity of Essential Oil of Syzygium aromaticum (Clove) in Com-parison with Its Major Constituent, Eugenol, against Anopheles stephensi

“…Reviewing other reports, content of eugenol has been reported in values more or less similar to this value: e.g. 58.29% (22), 59.29% (23), 76.8% (24), 86.61% (25) and 88.58% (26).…”