Insecticidal Sprays for the Control of Wheat Bulb Fly Larvae

Maskell, F. E.

doi:10.1111/j.1365-3059.1962.tb00195.x

Cited by 4 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…Highly significant yield increases over control were recorded (Tables 6, 7). The results with omethoate confirm earlier work (Maskell & Davis, 1974).…”

Section: Results a N D Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…Sprays at 'deadheart'. Several workers, notably Griffiths & Scott (1969), Maskell & Davis (1974) and McKinlay (1 98 l), have stressed the importance of applying insecticidal sprays at the first signs of plant damage when most wheat bulb fly larvae have already invaded plants and are in the first or second instar but before they have begun to move to other shoots and ** *** = significant differences from control yield at P < 0.05, 0.01 and 0.001 respectively. cause secondary damage.…”

Section: Results a N D Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Dimethoate spray, tested at Site 4 only, was inferior to the standard chlorfenvinphos seed treatment; this was true for all 'deadheart' spray treatments except at Site 15, where omethoate spray resulted in a slightly higher yield than the standard (Table 7). Maskell (1962) noted that a dimethoate spray at 'deadheart' was not as effective as a seed treatment of dieldrin. However, Oakley (1977) found that a 'deadheart' spray of omethoate was superior to one applied at 'egg hatch'.…”

Section: Results a N D Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Granular formulations of insecticides were first tested against the pest by Brown & Maskell (1965) and by Makepeace ( , 1967 and early experiments were reviewed by Griffiths (1968). Insecticidal sprays for wheat bulb fly control were used by Bardner (1959) and Maskell (1962) and initial work was reviewed by Griffiths (1968); later tests with a range of insecticides were reported by several authors, notably Maskell & Davis (1974), McKinlay (1977McKinlay ( , 1981 and Oakley (1977).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Chemical control of wheat bulb fly (Delia coarctata) attacking winter wheat in Eastern England, 1969–1981

Maskell¹,

Gair²

1986

Annals of Applied Biology

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SUMMARY Several insecticides were applied to the soil and/or plant foliage as granule or spray treatments to control wheat bulb fly larval damage to late‐sown winter wheat in eastern England between 1969 and 1981. Treatment effects in preventing larvae from entering plants or in killing larvae within attacked shoots and effects on yield were compared with controls and with a standard chlorfenvinphos seed treatment. Granules of chlorfenvinphos, fonofos or terbufos at rates between 1–40 and 2–24 kg a.i./ha were highly effective when applied at sowing in mineral soils, and fonofos granules were also effective in organic soils. Single spray applications of chlorfenvinphos, and especially of fonofos, applied at sowing at rates between 0–84 and 1–40 kg a.i./ha were effective in both soil types. Sprays applied when wheat bulb fly eggs began to hatch were more effective in mineral than in organic soils and gave lower yield increments than the standard chlorfenvinphos seed treatment. Single sprays of chlorpyrifos, formothion, omethoate or pirimiphos‐methyl, applied to the foliage when larval damage was first seen (‘deadheart’ stage) significantly increased yields; dimethoate spray or granule treatments applied at this stage were not significantly better than control and ‘deadheart’ treatments were generally less effective than chlorfenvinphos seed treatment. Multiple treatments involving two or more of the above methods were extremely effective in both soil types; their economic and environmental implications are discussed.

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“…Highly significant yield increases over control were recorded (Tables 6, 7). The results with omethoate confirm earlier work (Maskell & Davis, 1974).…”

Section: Results a N D Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Results a N D Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Results a N D Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Chemical control of wheat bulb fly (Delia coarctata) attacking winter wheat in Eastern England, 1969–1981

Maskell¹,

Gair²

1986

Annals of Applied Biology

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“…The main difficulty is to ensure that the insecticide adheres to the seed . The young crop can also be sprayed with dimethoate and omethoate after early larval attack to kill the larvae, when timing of application is important, (Griffiths & Scott, 1969;Maskell, 1962;Maskell & Davies, 1974).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

DEVELOPMENT OF WHEAT BULB FLY (DELLA COARCTATA FALL.) LARVAE AND PUPAE AT DIFFERENT TEMPERATURES

Jones

1978

Entomologia Exp Applicata

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When eggs of wheat bulb fly were added to young winter wheat plants in pots and kept at 5°, 8°. 10°, 12°, 15° and 20°, only 14%–44% of the eggs added produced larvae that succeeded in invading plants, but when newly hatched larvae were added directly 54%‐92% were successful. At temperatures from 5° to 25°, the number of days required for larvae to complete their development 111 well‐grown plants ranged from 11–14 days at 25° to 55–80 days at 5°. This corresponds to an accumulated temperature of approximately 286 day degrees C above the developmental threshold of 0.5°. The daily rate of development of larvae was marginally most rapid between 12° and 18°. When larvae were feeding in small, poorly growing plants, development was delayed and more shoots were needed before pupation than for healthy plants. The pupal stage which develops in the field from the end of April to June needs approximately 400 and 420 day degrees for completion in males and females (threshold 5°). Total day degrees required for the hatching of the egg to adult are about 700 (males) and 720 (females). Records of maximum and minimum temperatures from a meteorological screen I m above the ground can be used to calculate the number of day degrees accumulated from 1 May to I2 June, from which the dates of peak emergence of wheat bulb fly can be predicted. If 350 day degrees or more accumulate during this period, the peak emergence occurs near 20 June and with 200 or fewer day degrees it occurs near 11 July. The amount of damage to wheat by wheat bulb fly larvae in 1953, 1954, 1965 and 1966 depended largely on the number of eggs laid, the date of sowing, and also on the rate at which temperature accumulated in the autumn and winter; in all years, late sown crops would have had little opportunity to grow beyond the susceptible stage by the time they were attacked. RÉSUMÉ DÉVELOPMENT DES LARVES ET PUPES DE DELIA COARCTATA (THE WHEAT BULB FLY) À DIFFÉRENTES TEMPÉRATURES Quand des jeunes plants de blé d'hiver en pots sont contaminés avec des oeufs de Delia coarctata et maintenus à des températures respectives de 5°, 8°, 10°, 12°, 15° et 20° C, seulement 14% à 44% de ces oeufs donnent des larves qui parviennent à attaquer les plants, alors que si on utilise di rectement des larves nouveau‐nées on obtient 54 à 92% d'attaques réussies. Aux températures de 5° à 25° le temps nécessaire aux larves pour achever leur développement dans les plants bien développés avant de gagner le sol pour la pupaison, est de 11 à 14 jours à 25° contre 55 à 80 jours à 5°. Une courbe de la vitesse de développement établie à partir de la durée du stade larvaire de l'éclosion à la pupaison aux differentes températures montre que le développement est le plus rapide entre 12° et 18° et que le zéro de développement est aux alentours de 0,5°. Le nombre de degrés‐jours accumulés par la larve de l'éclosion à la pupaison est d'environ 286. Quand les larves se nourrissent aux dépens de plants petits à croissance faible, leur développement est retardé et exige plus de temps et plus de pla...

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10.1007/BF00334165

2011

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Insecticidal Sprays for the Control of Wheat Bulb Fly Larvae

Cited by 4 publications

References 6 publications

Chemical control of wheat bulb fly (Delia coarctata) attacking winter wheat in Eastern England, 1969–1981

Chemical control of wheat bulb fly (Delia coarctata) attacking winter wheat in Eastern England, 1969–1981

DEVELOPMENT OF WHEAT BULB FLY (DELLA COARCTATA FALL.) LARVAE AND PUPAE AT DIFFERENT TEMPERATURES

10.1007/BF00334165

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