Insecticide Mixtures as an Approach to the Management of Pyrethroid-resistant Horn Flies (Diptera: Muscidae)

Byford, Ronnie L.; Lockwood, Jeffrey A.; Smith, S.; Sparks, Thomas C.; Luther, D. G.

doi:10.1093/jee/80.1.111

Cited by 16 publications

(9 citation statements)

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“…Various concentrations of permethrin were generated in acetone through serial Brazil (Barros et al, 2002;Guerrero & Barros, 2006). Various resistance mitigation strategies, such as insecticide mixtures, synergists, or rotation with different classes of insecticides have been attempted to resolve problems of resistance to pyrethroids in horn flies (Byford et al, 1987;Sparks & Byford, 1988;Mckenzie & Byford, 1993;Guglielmone et al, 1999;Oremus et al, 2006).…”

Section: Bioassaymentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamics and mechanisms of permethrin resistance in a field population of the horn fly, Haematobia irritans irritans

Lohmeyer

Miller

2009

Insect Science

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Dynamics and mechanisms of permethrin resistance in a field population of the horn fly, Haematobia irritans irritans Abstract A study was conducted at the Pressler ranch, near Kerrville, Texas, USA between 2002 and 2006 to determine the dynamics and mechanisms of resistance to permethrin in a field population of the horn fly, Haematobia irritans irritans (L.). Changes of resistance to pyrethroid insecticide associated with use of a pour-on formulation of cyfluthrin in 2002 and use of diazinon ear tags in subsequent years were studied using a filter paper bioassay technique and a polymerase chain reaction assay that detects two sodium channel mutations, kdr and super-kdr resistance alleles. A maximum of 294-fold resistance to permethrin was observed in the summer of 2002. A significant decrease in the resistance level was observed in spring 2003, and resistance continued to decline after animals were treated with diazinon ear tags. In response to pyrethroid treatments, the allelic kdr and super-kdr frequency increased from 56.3% to 93.8% and from 7.5% to 43.8%, respectively in 2002, and decreased significantly in 2003 when the pyrethroid insecticide was no longer used to treat animals. Females were found to have a higher allelic super-kdr frequency than males in 2002, while no difference was detected between males and females in the allelic kdr frequency. There was a significant positive correlation between frequencies of the sodium channel mutations and levels of permethrin resistance, suggesting that the sodium channel mutations, kdr and super-kdr, are the major mechanisms of resistance to pyrethroids in this horn fly population. Results of synergist bioassays also indicated possible contributions of two metabolic detoxification mechanisms, the mixed function oxidases (MFO) and glutathione S-transferases (GST). Compared to a horn fly infestation of an untreated herd, treatments with the pyrethroid pour-on formulation failed to control horn flies at the Pressler ranch in 2002. Sustained control of horn flies was achieved with the use of diazinon ear tags in 2003 and subsequent years.

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Section: Bioassaymentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamics and mechanisms of permethrin resistance in a field population of the horn fly, Haematobia irritans irritans

Lohmeyer

Miller

2009

Insect Science

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“…Resistance to pyrethroid insecticides in horn ßies has also been reported in recent years in other countries, including Mexico (Kunz et al 1995), Argentina Torres 1998, Guglielmone et al 1999), and Brazil (Barros et al 2002). Various resistance mitigation strategies, such as insecticide mixtures, synergists, or rotation with OPs, have been tried to alleviate problems of resistance to pyrethroids in horn ßies (Byford et al 1987, McKenzie and Byford 1993, Barros et al 1999, Guglielmone et al 1999). However, early detection of resistance in Þeld populations of pests is the key for successful mitigation of resistance problems (Brent 1986).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Survey of Resistance to Permethrin and Diazinon and the Use of a Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction Assay to Detect Resistance Alleles in the Horn Fly, <I>Haematobia irritans irritans</I> (L.)

Li¹,

Guerrero

García

et al. 2003

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A field survey was conducted in 2001 to evaluate resistance to pyrethroid and organophosphate (OP) insecticides on horn flies, Hematobia irritans irritans (L.), from seven ranches in the state of Tamaulipas, Mexico, and from three locations in central Texas. Filter papers impregnated with either technical permethrin or diazinon were used to measure the levels of resistance to pyrethroids and OPs. A multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay was used on individual horn flies from these field populations to detect the presence of the kdr and super-kdr alleles associated with pyrethroid resistance, and a mutated alphaE7 esterase allele associated with OP resistance. Relative to a susceptible laboratory (Kerrville) strain, horn flies from Mexico exhibited 5.1- to 28.3-fold resistance to permethrin at the LC50, and 23.8- to 136-fold resistance at the LC90. Horn flies from Texas ranches exhibited only two- to five-fold resistance. All field populations of the horn fly were highly susceptible to diazinon, and no mutant alphaE7 esterase alleles were detected. The super-kdr allele was found only in a single fly from a ranch in Mexico. Results of PCR assays showed that the kdr allele was present at various frequencies in field populations of horn flies. A gender-related bias in distribution of kdr genotypes was found in horn flies from Mexico, but not in horn flies from Texas. The overall kdr allelic frequencies in horn flies from Mexico were 23.2-37.8% higher in females than in males. Regression analysis revealed a significant correlation between kdr allelic frequencies and the levels of knockdown resistance to permethrin among the horn fly populations studied. The results validate the role of the PCR-based molecular assay as a diagnostic tool in monitoring resistance to pyrethroids and also provide useful information on population genetics of horn fly resistance to pyrethroids and OPs.

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“…The activity of MFOs, combined with target site insensitivity, is a major mechanism of horn fly resistance to pyrethroids (Bull et al , 1988; Sheppard, 1995; Guerrero et al , 1997). It is possible to synergize pyrethroid effects by adding an MFO inhibitor, such as piperonyl butoxide (PBO) (Byford et al , 1987b; Farnsworth et al , 1997). However, horn flies are able to develop resistance to insecticides used in conjunction with PBO and this strategy will not be effective in combating target site ( kdr/super‐kdr ) resistance (Bull et al , 1988; Sheppard & Joyce, 1992; Guerrero et al , 1997; Guglielmone et al , 1999b).…”

Section: Insecticide Resistance Mechanismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Insecticide resistance in the horn fly: alternative control strategies

Oyarzún

Quiróz

Birkett

2008

Medical Vet Entomology

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. The horn fly, Haematobia irritans (Linnaeus 1758) (Diptera: Muscidae) is one of the most widespread and economically important pests of cattle. Although insecticides have been used for fly control, success has been limited because of the development of insecticide resistance in all countries where the horn fly is found. This problem, along with public pressure for insecticide-free food and the prohibitive cost of developing new classes of compounds, has driven the investigation of alternative control methods that minimize or avoid the use of insecticides. This review provides details of the economic impact of horn flies, existing insecticides used for horn fly control and resistance mechanisms. Current research on new methods of horn fly control based on resistant cattle selection, semiochemicals, biological control and vaccines is also discussed.

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Insecticide Mixtures as an Approach to the Management of Pyrethroid-resistant Horn Flies (Diptera: Muscidae)

Cited by 16 publications

References 0 publications

Dynamics and mechanisms of permethrin resistance in a field population of the horn fly, Haematobia irritans irritans

Dynamics and mechanisms of permethrin resistance in a field population of the horn fly, Haematobia irritans irritans

Survey of Resistance to Permethrin and Diazinon and the Use of a Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction Assay to Detect Resistance Alleles in the Horn Fly, <I>Haematobia irritans irritans</I> (L.)

Insecticide resistance in the horn fly: alternative control strategies

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