Insecticide Residues, Insecticide Residues on Tobacco

Abstract

malathion had a slight effect at 100 p.p.rn. on both plasma and red cell cholinesterase, whereas, a purified sample was reported to have produced no significant inhibition when fed at the same dietary concentration.Pertinent to these findings, Plapp and Casida (20) have postulated a metabolic pathway for ronnel in mammals. Two primary sites of hydrolytic attack were reported. Part of the molecule is believed to split with the formation of dimethylphosphorothioic acid, but to a greater extent the phosphorus-oxygenmethvl linkage is hydrolyzed, yielding stable O-me thyl-O-hydrogen-0-(2,4,5-trichlorophenyl) phosphorothioate. These primary metabolites are excreted rapidly by the rat via urine. The metabolic pathway in a cow is believed similar to that postulated for rats, but with a slower rate of detoxication and excretion. This pattern of metabolism indicates no appreciable conversion /' ronnel, in vivo, to the oxygen analog as it is commonly associated with certain other organic phosphate insecticides.Experience in the therapeutic use of ronnel on cattle for grub control and the work on metabolism of Plapp and Casida (20) indicate that ronnel is absorbed rapidly into the blood stream upon oral administration and that its degradation products are readily excreted. When

Chemical composition of tobacco and tobacco smoke

“…making cigarettes apparently reduces this variation. Values of 11-22 ppm of TDE and 0.2-1.3 ppm of Endrin have been reported from 1956 to 1966 (61). The following percentages of transference from leaf to mainstream smoke were obtained on smoking experimental cigarettes (62,209): TDE, 19-22; Endrin, 18-30; Telodrin, 4-5; Endosulfan, 3; Thiodan, 3; Sevin, 1; Carbary 1, 1; and Guthion, <1.…”

“…Some variation in these percentages were found in measuring transference of TDE and Endrin in smoke from commercial cigarettes. Levels of 0.06 (Endrin), 1.6 (TDE), and 1.1 (TDEE) µ% per cigarette have been reported ( 209), but such values may vary significantly (61).…”

Metabolism of Insecticide Residues, Fate of Inhaled C14TDE in Rabbits

“…A general distribution of TDE equivalents is apparent in most organs of the exposed animal, but because of a lack of significant numbers of animals in these experiments and low radiotracer sensitivity'. other trends regarding rates of Mainstream smoke (2) 54 47…”

Systematic Studies on the Breakdown of p,p’-DDT in Tobacco Smokes: III. Isolation and Identification of the Non-Volatile Degradation Products of p,p’-DDT in p,p’-DDT-Treated Tobacco Smokes

“…In section 2 of our first paper the results of our investigations on the degradation of p,p'-DDT in p,p'-DDT -treated tobacco smokes are described, and the presence of p,p'-DDT, p,p'-DDE, p,p'-TDE, p,p'-DDM, trans-DCS, BCPM, and p,p'-dichlorobenzophenone [DCBP] in p,p'-DDT-treated tobacco smoke condensate are reported. Of these compounds the presence of p,p'-DDT, p,p'-DDE, p,p'-DDM and p,p'-TDE have been reported in cigarette smokes by Bowery et al ( 1), and cis-and trans-p ,p' -dichlorostilbenes by Hoffmann and Rathkamp (5). In this paper we are reporting the experimental details of our work involved in section 2.…”