Insecticide resistance in stable flies (Stomoxys calcitrans) on dairy farms in Germany

Reissert-Oppermann, Sophia; Bauer, Burkhard; Steuber, Stephan; Clausen, Peter‐Henning

doi:10.1007/s00436-019-06400-z

Cited by 22 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Gutiérrez et al 2017;Shaw et al 2019;Vander Pan et al 2019), sublethal concentrations of deltamethrin can entail major physiological damages in a multitude of target and non-target insects (Cutler, 2013;Müller, 2018). For instance, exposure to sublethal doses of deltamethrin reduces females' fecundity in honeybees, parasitoid wasps and cockroaches (Dai et al, 2010;Lee et al, 1998;Teder and Knapp, 2019), impairs larval development in honeybees and the wasp Trichogramma achaeae (Oliveira et al, 2018;Yang et al, 2020) and inhibits molting processes in the stable fly Stomoxys calcitrans (Reissert-Oppermann et al, 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sublethal exposure to deltamethrin impairs maternal egg care in the European earwig Forficula auricularia

Meunier

Dufour²,

Meyel³

et al. 2020

Chemosphere

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The application of pesticides typically leads to lethal and sublethal exposure of non-target insects. Whereas our current understanding of these sublethal effects typically focuses on reproductive and physiological parameters, recent works emphasize that sublethal effects on behaviors such as maternal care could be of major importance in non-target species. However, it remained unknown whether these sublethal effects occur in insects. Here, we tested if exposure to sublethal doses of deltamethrin -a pyrethroid insecticide commonly used in crops -alters the expression of maternal egg care in females of the European earwig Forficula auricularia, a predator insect and pest control. Our results first reveal that deltamethrin exposure impaired the expression of three forms of maternal egg care: It decreased the likelihood of mothers to gather their otherwise scattered clutch of eggs, increased the time during which the female abandoned the clutch after a predator attack and reduced egg grooming duration. These sublethal effects did not reflect a lower activity of deltamethrin-exposed females, as these females increased their expression of self-grooming, and deltamethrin exposure did not affect females' exploration and mobility. Finally, we found that the negative effects of deltamethrin on egg care did not modify egg development, hatching rate and juvenile weight, possibly due to the transient effects of deltamethrin on maternal behaviors. Overall, our results reveal that sublethal exposure to a pesticide may diminish maternal egg care in a natural pest control and call for the integration of this measurement in assays on pesticides application.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sublethal exposure to deltamethrin impairs maternal egg care in the European earwig Forficula auricularia

Meunier

Dufour²,

Meyel³

et al. 2020

Chemosphere

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“…Novaluron applied as granules to cattle feeding sites that contained waste forage, manure, and urine suppressed adult stable fly development by 80%-90% for up to 12 weeks post-application [88]. Recent testing of stable flies across dairy farms in Germany did not show any signs of resistance to the insect growth regulators cyromazine and pyriproxyfen [65].…”

Section: Insect Growth Regulators (Igrs)mentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Most recently, the widespread use of insecticides against stable fly outbreaks in Brazil have resulted in the populations around sugar cane mills in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul becoming resistant to cypermethrin, with resistance factors up to 39 [64]. Similarly, Reissert-Opperman et al [65] found that stable flies across dairy farms in Germany were 100% resistant to deltamethrin.…”

Section: Insecticidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Historical Review of Management Options Used against the Stable Fly (Diptera: Muscidae)

Cook

2020

Insects

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The stable fly, Stomoxys calcitrans (L.) (Diptera: Muscidae), remains a significant economic pest globally in situations where intensive animal production or horticultural production provide a suitable developmental medium. Stable flies have been recorded as pests of livestock and humans since the late 1800s to early 1900s. Over 100 years of research has seen numerous methodologies used to control this fly, in particular to protect cattle from flies to minimise production losses. Reduced milk production in dairy cows and decreased weight gain in beef cattle account for losses in the US alone of > $2000 million annually. Rural lifestyles and recreation are also seriously affected. Progress has been made on many control strategies against stable fly over a range of chemical, biological, physical and cultural options. This paper reviews management options from both a historical and a technical perspective for controlling this pest. These include the use of different classes of insecticides applied to affected animals as toxicants or repellents (livestock and humans), as well as to substrates where stable fly larvae develop. Arthropod predators of stable flies are listed, from which potential biological control agents (e.g., wasps, mites, and beetles) are identified. Biopesticides (e.g., fungi, bacteria and plant-derived products) are also discussed along with Integrated Pest Management (IPM) against stable flies for several animal industries. A review of cultural and physical management options including trapping, trap types and methodologies, farm hygiene, scheduled sanitation, physical barriers to fly emergence, livestock protection and amendments added to animal manures and bedding are covered. This paper presents a comprehensive review of all management options used against stable flies from both a historical and a technical perspective for use by any entomologist, livestock producer or horticulturalist with an interest in reducing the negative impact of this pest fly.

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“…Sulfonamides have been proposed to diminish the clinical signs during the acute stage of the disease [10] but are totally ineffective in the chronic phase when the parasite is protected within the cysts. Resistance to insecticides has been increasingly detected in the eld in France [11] and Germany [12], making the control of vector transmission highly hypothetical. Finally, the control of bovine besnoitiosis relies entirely on ock management measures implemented after diagnostic test results are known.…”

Section: Read Full Licensementioning

confidence: 99%

Real-time PCR on skin biopsies for super-spreaders’ detection in bovine besnoitiosis.

Grisez¹,

Bottari

Prévot

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: Bovine besnoitiosis, an emerging disease in Europe that can be transmitted by vectors, is caused by the apicomplexan Besnoitia besnoiti. Bovine besnoitiosis is difficult to control due to the complexity of its diagnosis in the acute stage of the disease, poor treatment success and chronically asymptomatic cattle acting as parasite reservoirs. When serological prevalence is low, detection and specific culling of seropositive cattle is feasible; however, economic considerations preclude this approach when serological prevalence is high. The aims of this study were to evaluate the accuracy of detection of super-spreaders in highly infected herds and to test their selective elimination as a new control strategy for bovine besnoitiosis. Methods: Previous real-time PCR analyses performed on skin tissues from 160 asymptomatic animals sampled at slaughterhouses showed that the tail base was the best location to evaluate the dermal parasite DNA load. All seropositive animals (n = 518) from eight dairy or beef cattle farms facing a high serological prevalence of besnoitiosis were sampled at the tail base and their skin sample analysed by real-time PCR. A recommendation of rapid and selective culling of super-spreaders was formulated and provided to the cattle breeders. Subsequent serological monitoring of naïve animals was used to evaluate the interest of this control strategy over time.Results: Among the 518 seropositive animals, a low proportion of individuals (14.5%) showed Cq values below 36, 17.8% had doubtful results (36 < Cq ≤ 40) and 67.8% had negative PCR results. These proportions were grossly similar on the eight farms, regardless of their production type (beef or dairy cattle), size, geographical location or history of besnoitiosis. Within two weeks of the biopsy, the rapid culling of super-spreaders was implemented on only three farms. The numbers of newly infected animals were lower on these farms compared to those where super-spreaders were maintained in the herd. Conclusions: Real-time PCR analyses performed on skin biopsies of seropositive cattle showed huge individual variabilities in parasite DNA load. The rapid culling of individuals considered as super-spreaders seems to be a new and encouraging strategy for bovine besnoitiosis control.

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Insecticide resistance in stable flies (Stomoxys calcitrans) on dairy farms in Germany

Cited by 22 publications

References 27 publications

Sublethal exposure to deltamethrin impairs maternal egg care in the European earwig Forficula auricularia

Sublethal exposure to deltamethrin impairs maternal egg care in the European earwig Forficula auricularia

A Historical Review of Management Options Used against the Stable Fly (Diptera: Muscidae)

Real-time PCR on skin biopsies for super-spreaders’ detection in bovine besnoitiosis.

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