Insecticide Susceptibility and Detoxification Enzyme Activity of Frankliniella occidentalis under Three Habitat Conditions

Abstract

Frankliniella occidentalis is a highly destructive and invasive agricultural pest that has developed resistance to a variety of insecticide classes. Different planting structures and insecticide use frequency can directly affect the resistance development of F. occidentalis. In this study, the susceptibility of three field strains of F. occidentalis, collected over one year (April to November) from three habitat conditions (facility agriculture area, FA; open field crop area, OF; agroforestry intersection area, AI), to spinetoram, spinosad, emamectin benzoate, chlorfenapyr, acetamiprid, and imidacloprid were monitored and compared. At the same time, the detoxification enzyme activity of F. occidentalis in different habitats was determined. The results showed that the susceptibility of the F. occidentalis population in FA was significantly lower than that of populations from OF and AI. Among them, the F. occidentalis population in FA had developed low levels of resistance to spinetoram (RR = 9.18-fold), emamectin benzoate (RR = 5.47-fold), chlorfenapyr (RR = 6.67-fold), and acetamiprid (RR = 7.49-fold), and had developed moderate level resistance to imidacloprid (RR = 11.67-fold), while still being relatively sensitive to spinosad. The population of F. occidentalis from OF had developed low level resistance to spinetoram (RR = 5.24-fold) but was still relatively sensitive to the other five insecticides. The resistance of F. occidentalis from AI to six insecticides was at relatively sensitive levels. The results of the enzyme activities of detoxification enzymes, including carboxylesterase (CarE), glutathione S-transferase (GST), acetylcholinesterase (AChE), and the cytochrome P450 enzyme system (CYP450), revealed that the activities of the FA population of F. occidentalis were significantly higher than those of the other two populations. The change of CarE activity in F. occidentalis was consistent with that of spinetoram resistance, indicating that CarE may be involved in the metabolic resistance of F. occidentalis to spinetoram. Among the three populations, the resistance and detoxification enzyme activities of F. occidentalis of the FA population to six insecticides were higher than those of the other two populations. Our findings, along with other strategies, are expected to help with the resistance management of F. occidentalis in different habitats.

Adverse effects of Microcystis aeruginosa exudates on the filtration, digestion, and reproduction organs of benthic bivalve Corbicula fluminea

“…This indicates the negative contribution of mantle to siphon rate reduction is possibly related to cell membrane damage 66 and the activation of the antioxidant and detoxification system 67 . Interestingly, high positive significant (p < 0.05) correlation is observed between GST and AchE, indicates the two enzymes involve in the detoxification process in the mantle of C. fluminea , which is usually observed in insects 68 . In the gill, however, siphon rate negatively correlated significantly (p < 0.05) with SOD, CYP450, and AchE in Factor 1, while GST and MDA shared high loading in Factor 2.…”

Toxicological and physiological activity of lemongrass and peppermint essential oils on life-table parameters of Oligonychus mangiferus and its predatory mite, Cydnoseius negevi

“…In Arthropoda, carboxylesterase, glutathione s-transferase, acetylcholinesterase, and cytochrome P450 enzymes are important metabolic detoxi cation enzymes (Wu and Hoy 2016). These enzymes also play a role in mediating metabolic resistance to a variety of pesticides (Fan et al 2023). The response of detoxifying enzymes to pesticides indicates the ability of pests to detoxify (Zhang et al 2017).…”

“…Detoxi cation enzymes play a crucial role in the physiological defense of arthropods. These enzymes can be activated by various exogenous or endogenous compounds, meaning that arthropods can quickly adapt to pesticides (Zhang et al 2017;Zhang et al 2020;Fan et al 2023). The activation or inhibition of these enzymes following pesticide application may result in pesticide resistance by increasing pesticide metabolism or secretion rate (Vojoudi et al 2017).…”

Lethal and Sublethal Effects of Cyantraniliprole on the Biology and Metabolic Enzyme Activities of Two Lepidopteran Pests, Spodoptera littoralis and Agrotis ipsilon, and A Generalist Predator, Chrysoperla carnea (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae)

“…Generally, detoxification enzyme activity, such as CarEs and GSTs, can be useful for monitoring insecticide resistance development [ 69 , 70 ]. In addition, these enzymes are one of the adaptation mechanisms that enhance the insect’s metabolic capacity to counteract pesticides [ 71 ]. Thus, the competence of insects to detoxify is reflected by the reaction of detoxification enzymes to insecticides [ 17 ].…”