Insecticide Susceptibility Profile of Anopheles gambiae s.l. from Ikot-Ekpene, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria

Susceptibility Status of Anopheles Gambiae S.I. to DDT and Permethrin in Lagos State, Nigeria.

“…The level of resistance found in the present study should not be allow to affect the use of insecticides in malaria control especially in the utilization of LLINs, as LLINs does not only protection by killing the vectors but also serve as a barrier for the vector from getting to the persons sleeping under it. The KDT50and KDT95 recorded to DDT and permethrin in this study was higher compare to those of previous reports (Ibrahim et al, 2013;Opara et al, 2017;Umar et al, 2014), indicating the possibility of knockdown resistance mechanism. This can be related to the fact that pyrethroids and organochlorines shares similar mechanism of action by targeting the voltage-gated sodium channel on the insects' neurons''- (Rabi et al, 2015;Silva et al, 2014).…”

“…Resistance to DDT and pyrethriods in Anopheles has been reported in different parts of Africa (Boussougou-Sambe et al, 2018; Dabiré et al, 2009;Hakizimana et al, 2016;Messenger et al, 2017;Thiaw et al, 2018;Tmimi et al, 2018). In Nigeria, malaria vector resistance to DDT and pyrethriods have also been previously reported - (Awolola et al, 2007;Ibrahim et al, 2013;Oduola et al, 2010;Opara et al, 2017;Oyewole et al, 2006;Umar et al, 2014). There is therefore need for regular monitoring of the level of resistance to different insecticides approved for control of malaria vectors, for effective and efficient vector control.…”

Insecticide susceptibility status in two medically important mosquito vectors, Anopheles gambiae, and Culex quinquefasciatus to three insecticides commonly used in Niger State, Nigeria

“…This current investigation found that the susceptibility status of these two mosquito strains harmonized the global pattern of susceptibility/resistance distribution. For example, the studies From parts of Nigeria, the report of susceptibility status of these mosquitoes to permethrin propoxur and malathion has been well documented in north-central, north-west, and southwest Awolola et al, 2005 , Olayemi et al, 2011 , Shetty et al, 2013 , Umar et al, 2014 , Reid and McKenzie, 2016 , Opara et al, 2017 , Yoriyo et al, 2018 , Ukpai and Ekedo, 2019 , Fagbohun et al, 2020 , they reported An. gambiae and Cx quinquefasciatus species resistance to pyrethroids such as, cyfluthrin, deltamethrin, permethrin, lambda-cyhalothrin, and bifenthrin used for IRS and agricultural pests, on the other hand, insecticides like bendiocarb and propoxur were lethal to mosquitoes with a mortality rate of a minimum of 98 %, thus, justifying the application of carbamate insecticides (such as propoxur) which has a faster rate of knockdown effects, however, some species of Anopheline and Culicine t olerate higher dosages of these insecticides ( Selvaraj et al, 2020 ).…”

“…quinquefasciatus mosquitoes that are carry the parasites, leave to obtain blood meals for eggs development and hatchability, transmitting diseases, at the same time develop resistance ability to commonly used insecticides. In the past, there are a lot of reports on the susceptibility status of Anopheline and Culicine mosquitoes to pyrethroids, carbamate, and organophosphates insecticides in some parts of Nigeria for examples, the research works conducted in Minna, Northeastern, Akwa Ibom, Sudan Savanna, North Eastern, Abia, Sahel Savannah Region of Northwest, and Lagos ( Olayemi et al, 2011 , Ibrahim et al, 2014 , Umar et al, 2014 , Opara et al, 2017 , Yoriyo et al, 2018 , Ukpai and Ekedo, 2019 , Fagbohun et al, 2020 ).…”

Susceptibility of Anopheles Mosquitoes to Deltamethrin and Bendiocarb Insecticides in Nasarawa Local Government Area, Nasarawa State Nigeria

“…It was observed that Anopheles mosquitoes were susceptible to Carbamate (Bendiocarb) and resistant to the other classes of insecticide (Pyrethroid and Organochlorine) [15], [9] in Rwanda. It was also observed by [18] that Anopheles mosquitoes were susceptible to the four insecticides in Akwa Ibom state such as Deltamethrin, Lambdacyhalothrin, Permithrin and Malathion. Three species of Anopheles mosquitoes, An.…”