Insecticide susceptibility status and resistance mechanism of Anopheles cracens Sallum and Peyton and Anopheles maculatus Theobald (Family: Culicidae) from knowlesi malaria endemic areas in Peninsular Malaysia

Raza, Ahmad; Azahary, Abdul Rahman Aidil; Yu, Ke-Xin; Nor, Zurainee Mohamed; Najdah, Wan Mohamad Ali Wan; Lee, Hanlim

doi:10.4103/1995-7645.250841

Cited by 7 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Freshwater with low salinity is the preferred breeding place of A. maculatus (30). A. maculatus was also found in this survey, which is in line with a previous study conducted in Jatirejo village (31).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

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The Absence of Sporozoites in Anopheles Mosquitoes in the Malaria Pre-elimination Area

Sumanto,

Sayono,

Handoyo

et al. 2022

Int J Med Parasitol Epidemiol Sci

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Introduction: The existence of sporozoites in the salivary gland of Anopheles is a prominent factor in the transmission and spread of malaria. Malaria control programs must be comprehensive including the treatment of patients, management of the vector population, and efforts to prevent human-vector contact. The present study aimed to track the presence of sporozoite in the Anopheles mosquito population in a malaria pre-elimination area and evaluate the implementation of a malaria elimination program. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in a malaria pre-elimination area over a period of one year. Mosquitos were caught using human bait and in resting sites close to cattle pens. Sporozoites were detected microscopically and circumsporozoite protein (CSP) was tested using polymerase chain reaction technique. Results: A total of 212 Anopheles mosquitoes were caught. Anopheles maculatus, Anopheles aconitus, Anopheles subpictus, Anopheles barbirostris, Anopheles vagus, and Anopheles kochi species were identified. Salivary gland of 111 mosquitoes were dissected and CSP was detected in 101 specimens. Neither type of test found any sporozoites in the captured Anopheles. Conclusion: The absence of sporozoites in Anopheles in the pre-elimination area is a good sign of the ongoing malaria control program. Breaking the life cycle of the parasite that causes it by minimizing contact with vectors is an effective method that should be continuously improved.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…The presence of the species A. maculatus has also been reported in Kokap Kulonprogo (32) and Borobudur Magelang (33) which are directly adjacent to Kaligesing. This species prefers to breed in water reservoirs that form on the banks of rivers and waterfalls (30). The study sites are located in a hilly area with deep ravines.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Absence of Sporozoites in Anopheles Mosquitoes in the Malaria Pre-elimination Area

Sumanto,

Sayono,

Handoyo

et al. 2022

Int J Med Parasitol Epidemiol Sci

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“…maculatus was also found around rivers with slow water flow. 5,6 The potential of An. maculatus is a malaria vector because apolipoprotein D and cathepsin D proteins were found in the salivary glands in this species.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Anopheles maculatus is a malaria vector species in Indonesia found in some provinces such as Central Java, West Java, DIY, East Java, Bali, Lampung, North Sumatra, West Sumatra, Riau, Jambi, and South Sumatra. [1][2][3][4] Anopheles maculatus was a malaria vector in Thailand, the Philippines, Malaysia 5,6 , Afghanistan, Pakistan, China, and India. 7 The potential of mosquitoes as malaria vectors can be seen from their behavior.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution and behavior of Anopheles maculatus and its potential as a Malaria vector in Indonesia

Setiyaningsih¹,

Prihasto²,

Ayuningrum³

et al. 2023

Epidemiol. Soc. Heal. Rev.

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Background: Anopheles maculatus is one of the mosquito species that has been confirmed as a malaria vector in Indonesia. The potential of a mosquito as a vector is influenced by its behavior. Information on the distribution and behavior of An. maculatus needs to be carried out to determine the potential for malaria transmission transmitted by the species in an area. The study aimed to obtain information on the distribution, behavior, and potential of maculatus as a malaria vector in several provinces in Indonesia. Method: Mosquito collection was carried out using human-landing collection, animal-baited trap, cattle-bait, light-trap, and resting morning. A survey of mosquitoes was carried out in 29 provinces in Indonesia. Mosquitoes were identified for the species and detected the blood-sucking behavior with an Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and the presence of Plasmodium using a Polymerase Chain Reaction. Results: The results showed that An. maculatus was found in the Riau Islands, Lampung, Bangka Belitung, West Java, Central Java, East Java, and Central Sulawesi. Anopheles maculatus has known to suck the blood of humans and animals with a predominance of animals. Anopheles maculatus is also known to suck blood outdoors predominantly. In general, the activity of An. maculatus sucking blood begins around 18.00 in the evening. Central Java Province was the province with the highest density of An. maculatus mosquitoes, thereby increasing the potential for transmission of malaria cases. Conclusion: Anopheles maculatus was spread in Riau Islands, Lampung, Bangka Belitung, West Java, Central Java, East Java, and Central Sulawesi. This species was known to suck the blood of people and humans, and its blood-sucking activity starts around 18.00 in the evening.

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“…funestus (Matiya et al, 2019), An. maculatus (Rohani et al, 2019), Ae. aegypti (Aponte et al, 2018) and Cx.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bioefficacy of mosquito mat vaporizers and associated metabolic detoxication mechanisms in Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus) in Selangor, Malaysia: A statewide assessment

et al. 2021

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This study aims to examine the efficacy of mosquito mat vaporizers on Aedes aegypti and their associated metabolic detoxication mechanisms. For this purpose, Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus) was collected from nine districts in Selangor, Malaysia and tested with mosquito vaporizing mat bioassays. The same populations were also subjected to biochemical assays to investigate activities of detoxifying enzymes, namely non-specific esterase (EST), glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and mixed function oxidase (MFO). The efficacy of Ae. aegypti on the active ingredients tested in decreasing order were d-allethrin > dimefluthrin > prallethrin with PBO > prallethrin. The results further indicated significant enhancement mean levels of EST, GST and MFO in pyrethroid-resistant populations. The mortality rate of Ae. aegypti in response to pyrethroid active ingredients was associated with MFO activity, suggesting it is an important detoxification enzyme for the populations tested. In view of the presence of resistance against household insecticide products, pyrethroid efficacy on Ae. aegypti populations needs to be monitored closely to ensure the implementation of an effective vector control program in Malaysia.

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Insecticide susceptibility status and resistance mechanism of Anopheles cracens Sallum and Peyton and Anopheles maculatus Theobald (Family: Culicidae) from knowlesi malaria endemic areas in Peninsular Malaysia

Cited by 7 publications

References 2 publications

The Absence of Sporozoites in Anopheles Mosquitoes in the Malaria Pre-elimination Area

The Absence of Sporozoites in Anopheles Mosquitoes in the Malaria Pre-elimination Area

Distribution and behavior of Anopheles maculatus and its potential as a Malaria vector in Indonesia

Bioefficacy of mosquito mat vaporizers and associated metabolic detoxication mechanisms in Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus) in Selangor, Malaysia: A statewide assessment

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