Insecticides in agricultural streams exert pressure for adaptation but impair performance in Gammarus pulex at regulatory acceptable concentrations

Siddique, Ayesha; Liess, Matthias; Shahid, Naeem; Becker, Jeremias Martin

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137750

Cited by 20 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…Organisms in the field experience suboptimal conditions and occasionally have to cope with severe environmental stress . Some species may adapt to these stressors but with negative consequences. , In the present study, we investigated pesticide tolerance (a dominant stressor in agricultural streams) and revealed that under optimum temperature, G. pulex from agricultural streams were up to fivefold more tolerant (on average 2.2-fold) to insecticide clothianidin as compared to reference populations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 78%

“…It is suggested that when populations experience variable environmental conditions, inducible traits are maintained as they facilitate the expression of adaptive phenotypes. , However, consistent exposure over multiple generations results in evolution of genetic resistance. , We observed that the tolerance acquired through acclimation in reference populations was close to the pesticide tolerance acquired through adaptation in agricultural populations. However, the downside of adaptation is the decreased plasticity and fitness costs that can be due to energy trade-off and pleotropic effects of resistance-conferring genes. ,,, In contrast, acclimated populations maintain their plasticity to respond under fluctuating environmental conditions. Similarly, in the present study, we observed that agricultural populations showed increased sensitivity to increasing temperature under noncontaminated conditions due to the hypothesized fitness costs of adaptation to pesticides and other potential stressors.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A total of 100 individuals of G. pulex for each treatment were added to clothianidin sublethal concentration and fed with ∼6 g of wet weight of preconditioned leaves . The test vessels were kept in a climate chamber preset at 16 °C, a 16:8 light–dark cycle, and constant aeration.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…When populations experience occasional exposure, inducible traits are maintained as they facilitate the expression of adaptive phenotypes in response to variable environmental conditions . For example, physiological induction of tolerance has been observed after low insecticide exposure in mosquitoes and wood frogs from less-contaminated sites. , In contrast, when populations experience long-term exposure over multiple generations, maternal effects result in increased tolerance, but a plastic response eventually becomes constitutively expressed, resulting in genetic adaptation. − Examples include high tolerance to a pyrethroid insecticide (53-fold) in Hyalella azteca and moderate neonicotinoid insecticide tolerance (3–4-fold) in Gammarus pulex at sites exposed to agricultural pesticides. ,, However, the adaptation to one stressor may come at the cost of reduced tolerance to another stressor . Fitness costs of adaptation in the absence of a primary stressor have already been observed. ,, Furthermore, under global change scenarios, organisms may be exposed to several stressors such as elevated pesticide pressure, sedimentation, and low dissolved oxygen .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Multiple Stress Reduces the Advantage of Pesticide Adaptation

Siddique

Shahid

Liess

2021

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Under global change scenarios, multistress conditions may occur regularly and require adaptation. However, the adaptation to one stressor might be associated with the increased sensitivity to another stressor. Here, we investigated the ecological consequences of such trade-off under multiple stress. We compared the pesticide tolerance of the crustacean Gammarus pulex from agricultural streams with populations from reference streams. Under optimum temperature, G. pulex from agricultural streams were considerably more tolerant to pesticides as compared to the reference populations. Here, we assume that the increased tolerance in agricultural populations is the combination of acclimation, epigenetic effect, and genetic evolution. After experimental pre-exposure to very low concentration (LC50/1000), reference populations showed increased pesticide tolerance. In contrast, pre-exposure did not further increase the tolerance of agricultural populations. Moreover, these populations were more sensitive to elevated temperature alone due to the hypothesized fitness cost of genetic adaptation to pesticides. However, both reference and agricultural populations showed a similar tolerance to the combined stress of pesticides and warming due to stronger synergistic effects in adapted populations. As a result, pesticide adaptation loses its advantage. The combined effect was predicted well using the stress addition model, developed for predicting the synergistic interaction of independent stressors. We conclude that under multistress conditions, adaptation to pesticides reduces the general stress capacity of individuals and trade-off processes increase the sensitivity to additional stressors. This causes strong synergistic effects of additional stressors on pesticide-adapted individuals.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 78%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Multiple Stress Reduces the Advantage of Pesticide Adaptation

Siddique

Shahid

Liess

2021

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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“…According to an estimate, water bodies within 40% of the global land surface are at risk of insecticide pollution [15]. Thus, aquatic ecosystem may be affected in terms of structure and function [5,[16][17][18], and decline and extinction of different species [19,20]. Additionally, environmental degradation can influence the economic situation of a country.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental Awareness, Concern, Attitude and Behavior of University Students: A Comparison Across Academic Disciplines

Arshad¹,

Saleem²,

Shafi³

et al. 2020

Pol. J. Environ. Stud.

153

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Environmental issues such as global warming, air pollution and ozone depletion have become global challenges. However, environmental awareness, environmental concern, environmental attitude and environmental behavior of individuals, as well as their academic background knowledge, are potential factors that may help in coping with these challenges. Here, we evaluated environmentalawareness, concern, attitude and behavior of university students across the five academic disciplines including arts & humanities, social sciences, physical sciences, biological sciences and environmental sciences. Further, we investigated how environmental-awareness, concern, and attitude influence the environmental behavior of individuals. Data was collected from 824 students of two public and two private sector universities through a self-administered questionnaire. The level of environmental awareness, environmental concern and environmental behavior of university students were found significantly high, whereas, level of environmental attitude was significantly low. Levels of environmental awareness, environmental concern and environmental behavior for all the five disciplines were found adequately high, but the level of environmental attitude was high for only two groups, i.e. physical sciences and biological sciences, and, low for three other groups. The group of biological sciences was ranked at top in all the four cases of awareness, concern, attitude and behavior. Moreover, the effects of environmental awareness and environmental concern on environmental behavior were found significantly positive, whereas the effect of environmental attitude was significantly negative.

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Variation of Tolerance to Isothiazolinones Among Daphnia pulex Clones

Wagner-Deyriès

Varignier

Revel

et al. 2023

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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Isothiazolinones are a family of broad‐spectrum biocides widely used in industry and consumer products. Chloro‐ and methyl‐isothiazolinones (CMIT and MIT) are documented as strong irritants, yet they are still used in a wide variety of applications, including cosmetics, cleansers, hygienic products, and various industrial applications. The subsequent substantial release of these molecules from urban sources into freshwater environments, and their potential impacts on aquatic species, have nevertheless received little attention so far, with few studies reporting on the toxicity of either CMIT or MIT to nontarget organisms. The present study addresses this current knowledge gap by evaluating the acute toxicity to Daphnia pulex (Cladocera) of CMIT/MIT (3:1) and MIT, the two formulations most commonly used by manufacturers. In addition, genetic diversity is known to be a major component of variability in phenotypic responses, although it is largely overlooked in typical toxicity tests. Thus the potential range of responses inherent to genetic diversity is rarely considered. Therefore, to account for intraspecific variations in sensitivity, our design involved eight clonal lines of D. pulex stemming from distinct natural populations or commercial strains. Clones exhibited strong variation in their responses, with median lethal concentration (LC50) values ranging from 0.10 to 1.84 mg/L for the mixture CMIT/MIT, and from 0.68 to 2.84 mg/L for MIT alone. These intraspecific ranges of LC50 values challenge the use of single clones of daphnids in standard ecotoxicological tests and the predictions based on their results. The present study brings new evidence that assessing ecological risk of chemicals while ignoring genotype diversity is neither ecologically relevant, nor a representative evaluation of the diversity of potential adverse outcomes. Environ Toxicol Chem 2023;42:805–814. © 2023 SETAC

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Insecticides in agricultural streams exert pressure for adaptation but impair performance in Gammarus pulex at regulatory acceptable concentrations

Cited by 20 publications

References 45 publications

Multiple Stress Reduces the Advantage of Pesticide Adaptation

Multiple Stress Reduces the Advantage of Pesticide Adaptation

Environmental Awareness, Concern, Attitude and Behavior of University Students: A Comparison Across Academic Disciplines

Variation of Tolerance to Isothiazolinones Among Daphnia pulex Clones

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