Insects in the Epidemiology of Plant Viruses

Ossiannilsson, F.

doi:10.1146/annurev.en.11.010166.001241

Cited by 33 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 43 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Among living plants, viruses are most commonly introduced into plant tissues by insects with sucking mouth parts, such as leaf hoppers and aphids, and to a lesser extent by insects with biting or chewing mouth parts (Esau 1956;Ossiannilsson 1966). Most viruses are transmitted within the plant through the phloem (Esau 1956;Gibbs 1976), and hyperplasia of the phloem or adjacent tissues is a common histological response to some viral infections (Esau 1956).…”

Section: Cortexmentioning

confidence: 99%

Galtiera bostonensis, gen. et sp. nov., a protostelic calamopityacean from the New Albany shale of Kentucky

Beck¹,

Stein²

1987

Can. J. Bot.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

JR. 1987. Galtiera bostonensis, gen. et sp. nov., a protostelic calamopityacean from the New Albany shale of Kentucky. Can. J. Bot. 65: 348-361. Two parts of a single, anatomically preserved stem fragment form the basis of a new Lower Mississippian taxon that is characterized here in detail. Stelar morphology, leaf trace departure, secondary xylem, outer sparganum cortex, and Kalymma-like leaf bases provide evidence of taxonomic relationship with the Calamopityaceae. The primary vascular column is deeply three ribbed with protoxylem strands restricted to the periphery of the xylem. Trace departure is associated with a dextral shift in the position of primary xylem ribs such that the tip of each rib describes a helical course through the axis. The result is a Fibonacci phyllotactic fraction of at least 215. On the basis of our observations, we hypothesize that the protoxylem strands may comprise five sympodia and, further, that although protostelic in gross morphology, the primary vascular system of Galtiera might actually be more similar to typical eusteles of the Calamopityaceae than protosteles of any other major group. Sclerotic clusters and strands in the cortex are of interest because they are unusually numerous and are usually associated with the phloem either of the main stem vascular column or of leaf traces. The evidence is consistent with the hypothesis that this morphology reflects a pathological response by the plant to viral or other infectious agents. BECK, C. B., et W. E. STEIN, JR. 1987. Galtiera bostonensis, gen. et sp. nov., a protostelic calamopityacean from the New Albany shale of Kentucky. Can. J. Bot. 65 : 348-361. Deux parties d'un seul fragment de tige conservk anatomiquement servent de fondement i un nouveau taxon du Mississippien InfCrieur caractkrisC ici en dCtail. La morphologie de la stkle, le mode d'kmergence des traces foliaires, le xylkme secondaire, le cortex sparganum exteme et les phyllopodes types Kalymma indiquent des affinitks taxonomiques avec lesCalamopityacCes. La colonne vasculaire primaire est profondiment tri-strike et les brins de protoxylkme sont limitCs i la pCriphkrie du xylkme. Le depart des traces foliaires s'associe i un dkplacement dextre dans la position des c6tes de xylkme primaire de f a~o n telle que 1'extrCmitC de chaque c6te dCcrit un cours hklicoidal i travers l'axe. Le rksultat est une fraction phyllotactique de Fibonacci d'au moins 215. Nos observations, nous amknent i formuler l'hypothkse que les brins de protoxylkme comprennent peut-Ctre cinq sympodiums, et de plus, que malgrC le fait que sa morphologie grossikre soit protostklique, il se peut que le systkme vasculaire primaire du Galtiera soit plus semblable aux eustkles typiques des Calamopityackes qu'aux protostkles de n'importe quel autre groupe majeur. La prksence d'amas sclCrotiques et de brins dans le cortex prisente un intkrCt puisqu'ils sont anormalement nombreux, et sont d'habitude associCs au phlokme soit de la colonne vasculaire de la tige principale soit es traces foliaires. L'kvidence e...

show abstract

Section: Cortexmentioning

confidence: 99%

Galtiera bostonensis, gen. et sp. nov., a protostelic calamopityacean from the New Albany shale of Kentucky

Beck¹,

Stein²

1987

Can. J. Bot.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Some Auchenorrhyncha can be serious pests of grassland in North America, including the meadow spittle bug {Phitaneus spumarius L.) (Cercopidae) on lucerne and red clover (Weaver and Hibbs, 1952;Wiegert, 1965) and Prosapia bicinctata (Say) (Cercopidae), the two-lined spittle bug, which attacks improved pasture grasses (Fagan and Kuitert, 1970). Several species are capable of transmitting plant virus diseases but only Javesella pettucida (F.) is of any consequence in Europe (Ossiannilsson, 1966;Raatikainen, 1967;Plumb, 1978).…”

Section: Hemipteramentioning

confidence: 99%

The invertebrate fauna of grassland and its influence on productivity. 1. The composition of the fauna

Curry

1987

Grass and Forage Science

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV) and cereal yellow dwarf virus (CYDV) are economically important diseases of cereals worldwide. The causal agent is a complex of viruses belonging to the family Luteoviridae (Adams et al, 1998) which are transmitted in a persistent manner (Ossiannilsson, 1966) by more than 25 species of aphids (Blackman et al, 1990). The known host range of the viruses includes more than 150 species of the family Poaceae (Gould & Shaw, 1983).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of natural enemies on the spread of barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV) by Rhopalosiphum padi (Hemiptera: Aphididae)

Smyrnioudis

Harrington

Clark

et al. 2001

Bull. Entomol. Res.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The effects of two natural aphid enemies, adult Coccinella septempunctataLinneaus, a predator, and Aphidius rhopalosiphi de Stefani Perez, a parasitoid, on spread of barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV) transmitted by the bird cherry–oat aphid, Rhopalosiphum padi (Linnaeus) were studied under laboratory conditions. Predators or parasitoids were introduced to trays of durum wheat seedlings and the patterns of virus infection were observed after two, seven and 14 days of exposure. More plants were infected with BYDV in control trays without A. rhopalosiphithan in trays with the parasitoid present, both seven and 14 days after the introduction of parasitoids. Patterns of virus infection were found to be similar over time in trays with a parasitoid present and in control trays. More plants were infected in trays with C. septempunctata present than in control trays, both two and seven days after the introduction of the coccinellid. The spread of virus infections progressed differently over time for the two treatments (predator and parasitoid), differences between treatments being most marked after two days and seven days, when more plants exposed to predators but fewer exposed to parasitoids were infected with BYDV compared to their respective controls. However, by the 14th day 88% of all plants were infected and there was no significant difference between the two treatments. The role of natural enemies in spread of BYDV is discussed.

show abstract

Insects in the Epidemiology of Plant Viruses

Cited by 33 publications

References 43 publications

Galtiera bostonensis, gen. et sp. nov., a protostelic calamopityacean from the New Albany shale of Kentucky

Galtiera bostonensis, gen. et sp. nov., a protostelic calamopityacean from the New Albany shale of Kentucky

The invertebrate fauna of grassland and its influence on productivity. 1. The composition of the fauna

The effect of natural enemies on the spread of barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV) by Rhopalosiphum padi (Hemiptera: Aphididae)

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About