Insects which turn and look

Horridge, George Adrian

doi:10.1016/0160-9327(77)90004-7

Cited by 100 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Therefore, human beings are most likely to guide their movement by using position control (Rushton et al, 1998), although they also seem to use the optic flow as well (Warren et al, 2001). On the other hand, insects have inferior spatial acuity in comparison with human beings (Horridge, 1977). The insects achieve the same tasks only by using the optic flow.…”

Section: Visual Perception and Flight Control In The Bumblebeesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Response characteristics of visual altitude control system in Bombus terrestris

Tanaka

Kawachi

2006

Journal of Experimental Biology

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SUMMARY Frequency response characteristics of bumblebees to vertical visual oscillations were measured and analyzed. We measured the vertical force of the bees at four oscillation frequencies (0.9, 1.8, 3.6 and 7.4 Hz), and summarized their response characteristics in terms of amplitude and phase differences. The amplitude was almost constant throughout the examined frequency domain, whereas the phase gradually lagged with increasing frequency. In order to view the relationship between the input (visual oscillation) and output (response of the bee) more clearly as a control system, we compared them in the same dimension; we calculated hypothetical positions of the tethered bees on the basis of the measured variation in the vertical force, and compared them with the visual stripe positions. The resultant gain and phase data were plotted on a Bode plot. A transfer function was identified from the Bode plot, revealing that the response characteristics of the measured system could be represented as a simple expression. The dynamic control characteristics of the bumblebees were analyzed on the basis of the frequency response data. First, we showed that the measured system possesses a substantial stability margin. This means that the control system has substantial damping characteristics, and was suitable for stable flight control. In addition, our results showed that the measured bumblebee system possesses superior steady state and quick-response characteristics in comparison with a human pilot-vehicle system. Such excellence in both the steady state and transient characteristics (i.e. damping and quick response characteristics) provide the evidence that bumblebees can effectively control their flight with stability and maneuverability.

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Section: Visual Perception and Flight Control In The Bumblebeesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Response characteristics of visual altitude control system in Bombus terrestris

Tanaka

Kawachi

2006

Journal of Experimental Biology

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“…1j, no more points of intersection exist, and thus no unambiguous information about relative distances is possible any more beyond this point. From here for the arthropod everything seen is just as "far away" (compare Horridge 1977).…”

Section: Natural Compound Eyesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Artificial compound eye: a survey of the state-of-the-art

Jiang

Zhang

et al. 2016

Artif Intell Rev

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An artificial compound eye system is the bionic system of natural compound eyes with much wider field-of-view, better capacity to detect moving objects and higher sensitivity to light intensity than ordinary single-aperture eyes. In recent years, renewed attention has been paid to the artificial compound eyes, due to their better characteristics inheriting from insect compound eyes than ordinary optical imaging systems. This paper provides a comprehensive survey of the state-of-the-art work on artificial compound eyes. This review starts from natural compound eyes to artificial compound eyes including their system design, theoretical development and applications. The survey of artificial compound eyes is developed in terms of two main types: planar and curved artificial compound eyes. Finally, the most promising future research developments are highlighted.

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“…The eye parameter p can be used for establishing the light conditions to which the animal was adapted, as has been undertaken with extant arthropods [11,13 -15], for comparison. p ¼ 1.2 + 0.95 (mm rad) indicates that H. scutula was a daylight-adapted diurnal arthropod, living probably close to the light-flooded surface, as many comparisons with extant arthropods demonstrate (compare [11,12]). Diurnal marine crustaceans have an eye parameter of about 2-4 mm rad, while diurnal terrestrial arthropods, not suffering from the absorption of light by the water, have an eye parameter of less than 2 mm rad, and the whole range of this parameter lies between values of less than 1 and more than 200 mm rad, following a logarithmic characteristic [11,12].…”

Section: Discussion: the Visual Strategy Of A Small Predatormentioning

confidence: 96%

The sophisticated visual system of a tiny Cambrian crustacean: analysis of a stalked fossil compound eye

et al. 2011

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Fossilized compound eyes from the Cambrian, isolated and three-dimensionally preserved, provide remarkable insights into the lifestyle and habitat of their owners. The tiny stalked compound eyes described here probably possessed too few facets to form a proper image, but they represent a sophisticated system for detecting moving objects. The eyes are preserved as almost solid, mace-shaped blocks of phosphate, in which the original positions of the rhabdoms in one specimen are retained as deep cavities. Analysis of the optical axes reveals four visual areas, each with different properties in acuity of vision. They are surveyed by lenses directed forwards, laterally, backwards and inwards, respectively. The most intriguing of these is the putatively inwardly orientated zone, where the optical axes, like those orientated to the front, interfere with axes of the other eye of the contralateral side. The result is a three-dimensional visual net that covers not only the front, but extends also far laterally to either side. Thus, a moving object could be perceived by a two-dimensional coordinate (which is formed by two axes of those facets, one of the left and one of the right eye, which are orientated towards the moving object) in a wide three-dimensional space. This compound eye system enables small arthropods equipped with an eye of low acuity to estimate velocity, size or distance of possible food items efficiently. The eyes are interpreted as having been derived from individuals of the early crustacean Henningsmoenicaris scutula pointing to the existence of highly efficiently developed eyes in the early evolutionary lineage leading towards the modern Crustacea.

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Insects which turn and look

Cited by 100 publications

References 12 publications

Response characteristics of visual altitude control system in Bombus terrestris

Response characteristics of visual altitude control system in Bombus terrestris

Artificial compound eye: a survey of the state-of-the-art

The sophisticated visual system of a tiny Cambrian crustacean: analysis of a stalked fossil compound eye

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