Insemination of heifers with sexed sperm

Seidel, G. E.; Schenk, J.L.; Herickhoff, Lisa A.; Doyle, S. P.; Brink, Z.; Green, R.D.; Cran, D. G.

doi:10.1016/s0093-691x(99)00226-5

Cited by 233 publications

(168 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…The lower conception rate obtained with sexed semen is most probably due to the damage of spermatozoa during the sorting process and the decreased concentration of spermatozoa in the applied doses (Seidel et al, 1999;Bodmer et al, 2005;Garner and Seidel, 2008). However, improvements of the sorting proc-ess can increase the conception rate and thus may contribute to a wider use of sexed semen in dairy cattle breeding in the future.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There is a possibility that early embryonic mortality rate in calves produced by use of sexed semen is slightly elevated (Seidel et al, 1999;Tubman et al, 2004;Healy et al, 2013). However, no increase in abnormalities in calves born from sexed semen relative to controls has been reported to date.…”

mentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Many field studies (Seidel, 2003;Cerchiaro et al, 2007;DeJarnette et al, 2009;Norman et al, 2010) achieved around 90% female offspring by separating the spermatozoa. Seidel et al (1999) reported that the pregnancy rate in Holstein heifers ranged from 21% to 35% for sexed semen compared with 58% for conventional semen. A lower fertility rate with sexed semen was also reported by several other researchers (Seidel and Garner, 2002;Tubman et al, 2004;Norman et al, 2010;DeJarnette et al, 2011;Healy et al, 2013).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Involuntary reduction in vigour of calves born from sexed semen

Djedović

Bogdanović

Stanojević

et al. 2016

Acta Veterinaria Hungarica

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The objective of this study was to compare the reproductive traits of heifers and the development characteristics of their calves following artificial insemination (AI) with sexed and non-sexed semen. The analysed characteristics included conception rate, gestation length, calf birth weight, calf vigour, stillbirth rate, and twinning rate. Data of 530 calves produced with sexed and 1,163 calves produced with non-sexed semen were analysed. The General Linear Model (GLM) was applied to assess the influence of semen type, farm, season of insemination, the calf's sex and the inseminating sire on gestation length and calf birth weight. With the exception of gestation length (P > 0.05), all other traits studied were significantly (P < 0.01) influenced by the type of semen. The conception rate was 55% for conventional and 44% for sexed semen, and the average gestation length was 274.6 and 274.9 days, respectively. The mean calf birth weight was 37.47 kg for non-sexed and 36.75 kg for sexed semen. The stillbirth rate was 6.19% for conventional and 7.54% for sexed semen, while the twinning rate was 3.78% for conventional and 1.13% for sexed semen. The calves produced with non-sexed and sexed semen differed significantly in viability (P < 0.001), the latter having a lower calf vigour score. The use of conventional semen did not affect the ratio of female and male calves (52.7:47.3%; P > 0.05); however, artificial insemination with X-sorted sexed semen significantly altered the sex ratio of calves (85.1:14.9%, P < 0.01). The results obtained in this investigation are in agreement with the majority of studies which compared the fertility traits, sex ratio and calf characteristics depending on the application of artificial insemination with sexed or conventional semen.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 98%

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confidence: 99%

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Involuntary reduction in vigour of calves born from sexed semen

Djedović

Bogdanović

Stanojević

et al. 2016

Acta Veterinaria Hungarica

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“…The majority of early trials with sexed semen were conducted using virgin heifers, in order to capitalise on their inherent higher fertility compared with lactating cows. Initial results from Seidel et al (1999) indicated that it was possible to attain conception rates (CR) with frozen-thawed sexed semen containing 1 to 1.5 × 10 6 sperm per straw that were~70% to 90% of those achieved with conventional semen containing 20 × 10 6 sperm per straw. These preliminary results have since been confirmed by a number of larger studies that have demonstrated CR with frozen-thawed sexed semen (2 × 10 6 sperm/ straw) that were~70% to 80% of the CR achieved with frozen-thawed conventional semen (15 to 20 × 10 6 sperm/ straw) in both virgin heifers and lactating cows (DeJarnette et al, 2010;Norman et al, 2010;DeJarnette et al, 2011;Healy et al, 2013).…”

Section: Fertility Of Sexed Semenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Applications and cost benefits of sexed semen in pasture-based dairy production systems

Butler

Hutchinson

Cromie

et al. 2014

Animal

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Sexed semen technology is now commercially available in many countries around the world, and is primarily used in dairy cattle breeding. Sperm are sorted by flow cytometry on the basis of a 4% difference in DNA content between sperm containing X and Y chromosomes. Despite reliably producing a 90% gender bias, the fertility of the sexed semen product is compromised compared with conventional semen. The negative implications of the reduced fertility of sexed semen are amplified in seasonal systems of dairy production, as the importance of fertility is greater in these systems compared with year-round calving systems. A review of the literature indicates that conception rates (CR) to 1st service with frozen-thawed sexed semen are~75% to 80% of those achieved with conventional frozen-thawed semen. Preliminary results from a large-scale field trial carried out in Ireland in 2013 suggest that significant improvements in the performance of sexed semen have been made, with CR of 87% of those achieved with conventional semen. The improved fertility of a sexed semen product that delivers a 90% gender bias has considerable implications for the future of breeding management in pasture-based dairy production systems. Sexed semen may facilitate faster, more profitable dairy herd expansion by increasing the number of dairy heifer replacements born. Biosecurity can be improved by maintaining a closed herd during the period of herd expansion. In a non-expansion scenario, sexed semen may be used to increase the value of beef output from the dairy herd. The replacement heifer requirements for a herd could be met by using sexed semen in the 1st 3 weeks of the breeding season, with the remaining animals bred to beef sires, increasing the sale value over that of a dairy bull calf. Alternatively, very short gestation sires could be used to shorten the calving interval. Market prices have a considerable effect on the economics of sexed semen use, and widespread use of sexed semen should be restricted to well managed herds that already achieve acceptable herd fertility performance.

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“…Garner and Seidel 161 have written a good historical overview. Offspring of predetermined sex using FC have been successfully produced using fresh and frozen-thawed spermatozoa in several mammalian species: pigs, 162 cattle, 163 sheep 164 bottlenose dolphins, 165 goat 166 and humans. 167 Further refinements to standard FC technology included replacement of the beveled needle by an orientating nozzle with a ceramic tip giving sperm less time to lose orientation, which improved correct orientation of sperm to 70%.…”

Section: Detection Of Oxidative Stress and Lipid Peroxidationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flow cytometry for the assessment of animal sperm integrity and functionality: state of the art

Hossain¹,

Johannisson²,

Wallgren³

et al. 2011

Asian J Androl

143

120

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Flow cytometry is now a recognized methodology within animal spermatology, and has moved from being a research tool to become routine in the assessment of animal semen destined to breeding. The availability of 'bench-top' flow cytometers and of newer and versatile markers for cell structure and function had allowed the instrumentation to measure more sperm parameters, from viability to reactiveness when exposed to exogenous stimuli, and to increase our capabilities to sort spermatozoa for potential fertilizing capacity, or chromosomal sex. The present review summarizes the state of the art regarding flow cytometry applied to animal andrology, albeit keeping an open comparative intent. It critically evaluates the present and future capabilities of flow cytometry for the diagnostics of potential fertility and for the development of current reproductive technologies such as sperm freezing, sperm selection and sperm sorting. The flow cytometry methods will probably further revolutionize our understanding of the sperm physiology and their functionality, and will undoubtedly extend its application in isolating many uncharacterized features of spermatozoa. However, continuous follow-up of the methods is a necessity owing to technical developments and the complexity of mapping spermatozoa.

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Insemination of heifers with sexed sperm

Cited by 233 publications

References 14 publications

Involuntary reduction in vigour of calves born from sexed semen

Involuntary reduction in vigour of calves born from sexed semen

Applications and cost benefits of sexed semen in pasture-based dairy production systems

Flow cytometry for the assessment of animal sperm integrity and functionality: state of the art

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